TY - JOUR
T1 - Hole-Transfer Dependence on Blend Morphology and Energy Level Alignment in Polymer
T2 - ITIC Photovoltaic Materials
AU - Eastham, Nicholas D.
AU - Logsdon, Jenna L.
AU - Manley, Eric F.
AU - Aldrich, Thomas J.
AU - Leonardi, Matthew J.
AU - Wang, Gang
AU - Powers-Riggs, Natalia E.
AU - Young, Ryan M.
AU - Chen, Lin X.
AU - Wasielewski, Michael R.
AU - Melkonyan, Ferdinand S.
AU - Chang, Robert P.H.
AU - Marks, Tobin J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported as part of the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Award Number DE-SC0001059 (N.D.E., R.P.H.C., and T.J.M. for device fabrication and characterization, M.J.L. and T.J.A. for polymer synthesis and characterization, L.X.C. for materials and film characterization, J.L.L., N.E.P., R.M.Y., and M.R.W. for transient absorption spectroscopy). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work made use of the EPIC, Keck-II, and SPID facilities of Northwestern University’s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. F.S.M. and (project design) and G.W. (film characterization) were supported by award 70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD), and E.F.M. (X-ray characterization) by Qatar NPRP grant 7-286-1-049.
Funding Information:
This research was supported as part of the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Award Number DE-SC0001059 (N.D.E., R.P.H.C., and T.J.M. for device fabrication and characterization, M.J.L. and T.J.A. for polymer synthesis and characterization, L.X.C. for materials and film characterization, J.L.L., N.E.P., R.M.Y., and M.R.W. for transient absorption spectroscopy). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work made use of the EPIC, Keck-II, and SPID facilities of Northwestern University's NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. F.S.M. and (project design) and G.W. (film characterization) were supported by award 70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD), and E.F.M. (X-ray characterization) by Qatar NPRP grant 7-286-1-049.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2018/1
Y1 - 2018/1
N2 - Bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic materials containing nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have seen remarkable advances in the past year, finally surpassing fullerenes in performance. Indeed, acceptors based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) have become synonymous with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Nevertheless, NFAs have yet to achieve fill factors (FFs) comparable to those of the highest-performing fullerene-based materials. To address this seeming anomaly, this study examines a high efficiency IDT-based acceptor, ITIC, paired with three donor polymers known to achieve high FFs with fullerenes, PTPD3T, PBTI3T, and PBTSA3T. Excellent PCEs up to 8.43% are achieved from PTPD3T:ITIC blends, reflecting good charge transport, optimal morphology, and efficient ITIC to PTPD3T hole-transfer, as observed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Hole-transfer is observed from ITIC to PBTI3T and PBTSA3T, but less efficiently, reflecting measurably inferior morphology and nonoptimal energy level alignment, resulting in PCEs of 5.34% and 4.65%, respectively. This work demonstrates the importance of proper morphology and kinetics of ITIC → donor polymer hole-transfer in boosting the performance of polymer:ITIC photovoltaic bulk heterojunction blends.
AB - Bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic materials containing nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have seen remarkable advances in the past year, finally surpassing fullerenes in performance. Indeed, acceptors based on indacenodithiophene (IDT) have become synonymous with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Nevertheless, NFAs have yet to achieve fill factors (FFs) comparable to those of the highest-performing fullerene-based materials. To address this seeming anomaly, this study examines a high efficiency IDT-based acceptor, ITIC, paired with three donor polymers known to achieve high FFs with fullerenes, PTPD3T, PBTI3T, and PBTSA3T. Excellent PCEs up to 8.43% are achieved from PTPD3T:ITIC blends, reflecting good charge transport, optimal morphology, and efficient ITIC to PTPD3T hole-transfer, as observed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Hole-transfer is observed from ITIC to PBTI3T and PBTSA3T, but less efficiently, reflecting measurably inferior morphology and nonoptimal energy level alignment, resulting in PCEs of 5.34% and 4.65%, respectively. This work demonstrates the importance of proper morphology and kinetics of ITIC → donor polymer hole-transfer in boosting the performance of polymer:ITIC photovoltaic bulk heterojunction blends.
KW - fill factors
KW - hole-transfer
KW - morphology
KW - nonfullerene photovoltaics
KW - organic photovoltaics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85037625759&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85037625759&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adma.201704263
DO - 10.1002/adma.201704263
M3 - Article
C2 - 29205525
AN - SCOPUS:85037625759
SN - 0935-9648
VL - 30
JO - Advanced Materials
JF - Advanced Materials
IS - 3
M1 - 1704263
ER -
