Hormonal exposures and breast cancer in a sample of women with systemic lupus erythematosus

S. Bernatsky*, A. Clarke, R. Ramsey-Goldman, L. Joseph, J. F. Boivin, R. Rajan, A. D. Moore, M. H. Leung, A. Allen, C. Gordon

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

27 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objectives. To determine if breast cancer risk in women with SLE is modified by a history of exposure to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OC), after adjusting for other risk factors. Methods. Data were pooled from SLE cohorts at three centres. For each female cohort member (n = 871), the probability of developing breast cancer was estimated from factors (age, parity, age at first live birth, age of menarche, personal history of benign breast disease, family history) in the Gail model, an established tool for predicting breast cancer risk. From these probabilities, the expected number of breast cancers for the cohort was estimated. Actual occurrence of cases was determined by linkage with regional cancer registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs; ratio of cancers observed to expected) were calculated, with subgroup analyses according to HRT and OC exposure. Results. In the cohort, 15 breast cancers occurred vs 7.2 predicted [SIR 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 3.5]. When controlling for Gail model risk factors, estimates were similar for women never exposed to HRT vs those exposed to HRT. Adjusted SIR estimates appeared similar also for women exposed or not exposed to OC. Conclusions. Although not definitive, the data suggest that the breast cancer experience in this sample is not completely explained by factors such as reproductive and family history, or by exogenous hormonal exposures. Other determinants, including medication exposures or genetic factors (possibly related to oestrogen receptors or metabolism) may be important. Variations in these factors might explain why an elevated risk of breast cancer has not been apparent in all SLE populations.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1178-1181
Number of pages4
JournalRheumatology
Volume43
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2004

Funding

We thank Tina Panaritis (research assistant, Montreal General Hospital) as well as Stephanie Heaton and Janet Skan for their assistance. The Fichier des tumeurs du Québec, the Institut de la statistique Québec, the Illinois State Cancer Registry, and the West Midlands Cancer Registry are acknowledged for data provided. In addition, we wish to acknowledge the following funding sources. The Birmingham lupus cohort is supported by LUPUS UK. S.B. has received fellowship funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [CIHR]/Lupus Canada, and the Canadian Arthritis Network. R.R.-G. has received the following funding: Arthritis Foundation, Clinical Science Grant, Arthritis Foundation Greater Chicago Chapter NIH No. AR 02138, No. AR 48098: Lupus Foundation of Illinois Chapter Grant. A.C. has received the following funding: National Cancer Institute of Canada [NCIC] No. 013135; The Arthritis Society No. 99105; CIHR No. 10005; Singer Family Fund for Lupus Research Science Grant, CIHR Investigator Award. L.J. is a Senior CIHR Investigator. R.R. is a Fonds de la recherche en santé du Quebec (FRSQ) Clinician Scholar. R.R.-G. is supported by an Arthritis Foundation Clinical Science Grant and an NIH/NIAMS/K24 Mid-Career Investigator Award. The other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Keywords

  • Breast cancer risk
  • Oestrogen
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology (medical)

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