@inproceedings{63cb544087b3450895f3f756f50faf7d,
title = "HOURGLASS CONTROL FOR LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PROBLEMS.",
abstract = "Many explicit time integration codes employ quadrilateral elements in two dimensions and hexahedral elements in three dimensions with one-point quadrature. Finite difference methods based on the contour integral technique employ similar equations. The major drawback of one-point quadrature in these elements is a mesh instability often known as hourglassing, which was first recognized in finite difference literature. It is a special case of the phenomenon known in finite elements as kinematic modes or spurious zero-energy modes. In this paper, an hourglass procedure which is not activated by rigid body modes is described. Some solutions of the diffusion equation (both linear and nonlinear) are presented.",
author = "Belytschko, {T. B.} and Liu, {Wing K} and Kennedy, {J. M.}",
year = "1983",
month = dec,
day = "1",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "0444867007",
series = "Transactions of the International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology",
publisher = "r Commission of the European Communities (EUR-8596) by North-Holland, 13. 1",
booktitle = "Transactions of the International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology",
}