@article{d4e44f6277214c4da033584d0d370b03,
title = "Hunting for intermediate-mass black holes with LISA binary radial velocity measurements",
abstract = "Despite their potential role as massive seeds for quasars, in dwarf galaxy feedback, and in tidal disruption events, the observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is scarce. LISA may observe stellar-mass black hole binaries orbiting galactic IMBHs and reveal the presence of the IMBH by measuring the Doppler shift in the gravitational waveform induced by the binary's radial velocity. We estimate the number of detectable Doppler shift events from the Milky Way globular clusters (assuming they host IMBHs), and we find that it decreases with the IMBH mass. A few galactic globular clusters (including M22 and ω Centauri) may produce at least one event detectable by LISA. Even in more pessimistic scenarios, one could still expect ∼1 event overall in the Milky Way. We also estimate the number of Doppler shift events for IMBHs wandering in the Milky Way as a result of the disruption of their parent clusters. If there is at least one binary black hole orbiting around each wandering IMBH, LISA may detect up to a few tens of Doppler shift events from this elusive IMBH population. Under more pessimistic assumptions, LISA may still detect ∼1 wandering IMBH that would hardly be observable otherwise.",
author = "Vladimir Strokov and Giacomo Fragione and Wong, {Kaze W.K.} and Thomas Helfer and Emanuele Berti",
note = "Funding Information: V. S., T. H., K. W. K. W., and E. B. were supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1912550, No. AST-2006538, No. PHY-2207502, No. PHY-090003, and No. PHY-20043, and NASA ATP Grants No. 17-ATP17-0225, No. 19-ATP19-0051, and No. 21-ATP21-0010. G. F., V. S., T. H., and E. B. acknowledge support from NASA Grant No. 20-LPS20-0011. G. F. acknowledges support from NSF Grant No. AST-1716762 at Northwestern University. K. W. K. W. is supported by the Simons Foundation. The authors are very grateful to the anonymous referee for a detailed and constructive report which helped us significantly improve the paper. We also thank Bence Kocsis and Kyle Kremer for helpful comments on our assumptions. G. F. is grateful to Sambaran Banerjee for insightful discussions on stellar evolution and for updating sse , and to Oleg Gnedin for useful discussions on star cluster evolution. This research project was conducted using computational resources at the Maryland Advanced Research Computing Center (MARCC). The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper (URL: http://www.tacc.utexas.edu ). This research made use of the following software: ipython , scipy , matplotlib , numpy , sympy , mpmath , scikit-learn , filltex . Funding Information: V. S., T. H., K. W. K. W., and E. B. were supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1912550, No. AST-2006538, No. PHY-2207502, No. PHY-090003, and No. PHY-20043, and NASA ATP Grants No. 17-ATP17-0225, No. 19-ATP19-0051, and No. 21-ATP21-0010. G. F., V. S., T. H., and E. B. acknowledge support from NASA Grant No. 20-LPS20-0011. G. F. acknowledges support from NSF Grant No. AST-1716762 at Northwestern University. K. W. K. W. is supported by the Simons Foundation. The authors are very grateful to the anonymous referee for a detailed and constructive report which helped us significantly improve the paper. We also thank Bence Kocsis and Kyle Kremer for helpful comments on our assumptions. G. F. is grateful to Sambaran Banerjee for insightful discussions on stellar evolution and for updating sse, and to Oleg Gnedin for useful discussions on star cluster evolution. This research project was conducted using computational resources at the Maryland Advanced Research Computing Center (MARCC). The authors acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Physical Society.",
year = "2022",
month = jun,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.105.124048",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "105",
journal = "Physical Review D",
issn = "2470-0010",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "12",
}