TY - JOUR
T1 - Hybrid magnetic nanostructures (MNS) for magnetic resonance imaging applications
AU - De, Mrinmoy
AU - Chou, Stanley S.
AU - Joshi, Hrushikesh M.
AU - Dravid, Vinayak P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (CCNE) initiative of the National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute under Award U54CA119341 .
PY - 2011/11
Y1 - 2011/11
N2 - The development of MRI contrast agents has experienced its version of the gilded age over the past decade, thanks largely to the rapid advances in nanotechnology. In addition to progress in single mode contrast agents, which ushered in unprecedented R 1 or R 2 sensitivities, there has also been a boon in the development of agents covering more than one mode of detection. These include T 1-PET, T 2-PET T 1-optical, T 2-optical, T 1-T 2 agents and many others. In this review, we describe four areas which we feel have experienced particular growth due to nanotechnology, specifically T 2 magnetic nanostructure development, T 1/T 2-optical dual mode agents, and most recently the T 1-T 2 hybrid imaging systems. In each of these systems, we describe applications including in vitro, in vivo usage and assay development. In all, while the benefits and drawbacks of most MRI contrast agents depend on the application at hand, the recent development in multimodal nanohybrids may curtail the shortcomings of single mode agents in diagnostic and clinical settings by synergistically incorporating functionality. It is hoped that as nanotechnology advances over the next decade, it will produce agents with increased diagnostics and assay relevant capabilities in streamlined packages that can meaningfully improve patient care and prognostics. In this review article, we focus on T 2 materials, its surface functionalization and coupling with optical and/or T 1 agents.
AB - The development of MRI contrast agents has experienced its version of the gilded age over the past decade, thanks largely to the rapid advances in nanotechnology. In addition to progress in single mode contrast agents, which ushered in unprecedented R 1 or R 2 sensitivities, there has also been a boon in the development of agents covering more than one mode of detection. These include T 1-PET, T 2-PET T 1-optical, T 2-optical, T 1-T 2 agents and many others. In this review, we describe four areas which we feel have experienced particular growth due to nanotechnology, specifically T 2 magnetic nanostructure development, T 1/T 2-optical dual mode agents, and most recently the T 1-T 2 hybrid imaging systems. In each of these systems, we describe applications including in vitro, in vivo usage and assay development. In all, while the benefits and drawbacks of most MRI contrast agents depend on the application at hand, the recent development in multimodal nanohybrids may curtail the shortcomings of single mode agents in diagnostic and clinical settings by synergistically incorporating functionality. It is hoped that as nanotechnology advances over the next decade, it will produce agents with increased diagnostics and assay relevant capabilities in streamlined packages that can meaningfully improve patient care and prognostics. In this review article, we focus on T 2 materials, its surface functionalization and coupling with optical and/or T 1 agents.
KW - Gadolinium
KW - Hybrid MRI
KW - Iron oxide nanoparticle
KW - MRI
KW - MRI contrast agent
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=81355138577&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=81355138577&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.addr.2011.07.001
DO - 10.1016/j.addr.2011.07.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21851844
AN - SCOPUS:81355138577
SN - 0169-409X
VL - 63
SP - 1282
EP - 1299
JO - Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
JF - Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
IS - 14-15
ER -