TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification and Quantification of Intravenous Therapy Drugs Using Normal Raman Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
AU - Zaleski, Stephanie
AU - Clark, Kathleen A.
AU - Smith, Madison M.
AU - Eilert, Jan Y.
AU - Doty, Mark
AU - Van Duyne, Richard P.
PY - 2017/2/21
Y1 - 2017/2/21
N2 - Errors in intravenous (IV) drug therapies can cause human harm and even death. There are limited label-free methods that can sensitively monitor the identity and quantity of the drug being administered. Normal Raman spectroscopy (NRS) provides a modestly sensitive, label-free, and completely noninvasive means of IV drug sensing. In the case that the analyte cannot be detected within its clinical range with Raman, a label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) approach can be implemented to detect the analyte of interest. In this work, we demonstrate two individual cases where we use NRS and electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) to detect IV therapy analytes within their clinically relevant ranges. We implement NRS to detect gentamicin, a commonly IV-administered antibiotic and EC-SERS to detect dobutamine, a drug commonly administered after heart surgery. In particular, dobutamine detection with EC-SERS was found to have a limit of detection 4 orders of magnitude below its clinical range, highlighting the excellent sensitivity of SERS. We also demonstrate the use of hand-held Raman instrumentation for NRS and EC-SERS, showing that Raman is a highly sensitive technique that is readily applicable in a clinical setting.
AB - Errors in intravenous (IV) drug therapies can cause human harm and even death. There are limited label-free methods that can sensitively monitor the identity and quantity of the drug being administered. Normal Raman spectroscopy (NRS) provides a modestly sensitive, label-free, and completely noninvasive means of IV drug sensing. In the case that the analyte cannot be detected within its clinical range with Raman, a label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) approach can be implemented to detect the analyte of interest. In this work, we demonstrate two individual cases where we use NRS and electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) to detect IV therapy analytes within their clinically relevant ranges. We implement NRS to detect gentamicin, a commonly IV-administered antibiotic and EC-SERS to detect dobutamine, a drug commonly administered after heart surgery. In particular, dobutamine detection with EC-SERS was found to have a limit of detection 4 orders of magnitude below its clinical range, highlighting the excellent sensitivity of SERS. We also demonstrate the use of hand-held Raman instrumentation for NRS and EC-SERS, showing that Raman is a highly sensitive technique that is readily applicable in a clinical setting.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04636
DO - 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04636
M3 - Article
C2 - 28192951
AN - SCOPUS:85026773957
VL - 89
SP - 2497
EP - 2504
JO - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
JF - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
SN - 0003-2700
IS - 4
ER -