Abstract
Lipids are well recognized ligands that bind to proteins in a specific manner and regulate their function. Most attention has been placed on the headgroup of phospholipids, and little is known about the role of the acyl chains in mediating any effects of lipids on proteins. In this report, free fatty acids (FFA) were found to bind and activate phospholipase C δ1 (PLC δ1). The unsaturated FFA arachidonic acid (AA) and oleic acid were able to stimulate PLC δ1 up to 30-fold in a dose-dependent manner. The saturated FFA stearic acid and palmitic acid were less efficacious than unsaturated FFA, activating the enzyme up to 8-fold. The mechanism of activation appears to be due to a change in Km for substrate; 50 μM arachidonate reduced the Km for the soluble PLC substrate diC4PI from 1.7 ± 0.6 mM to 0.24 ± 0.04 mM (7-fold reduction). Vmax was not significantly altered. PLC δ1 bound to sucrose-loaded vesicles that contained AA in a concentration-dependent manner. A fragment of PLC δ1 that encompasses the EF-hand domain also bound to micelles containing AA using nondenaturing PAGE. This same fragment also inhibited AA activation of PLC δ1 in a competition assay. These results suggest that the function of the EF-hand domain of PLC 61 is to bind lipid and to allosterically regulate catalysis. These results also suggest that esterified and nonesterified fatty acids can bind to and regulate protein function, identifying a functional role for hydrophobic interactions between lipids and proteins.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 7522-7533 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Biochemistry |
| Volume | 43 |
| Issue number | 23 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 15 2004 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
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Identification of hydrophobic interactions between proteins and lipids : Free fatty acids activate phospholipase C δ1 via allosterism. / Kobayashi, Minae; Mutharasan, R. Kannan; Feng, Jianwen; Roberts, Mary F.; Lomasney, Jon W.
In: Biochemistry, Vol. 43, No. 23, 15.06.2004, p. 7522-7533.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of hydrophobic interactions between proteins and lipids
T2 - Free fatty acids activate phospholipase C δ1 via allosterism
AU - Kobayashi, Minae
AU - Mutharasan, R. Kannan
AU - Feng, Jianwen
AU - Roberts, Mary F.
AU - Lomasney, Jon W.
PY - 2004/6/15
Y1 - 2004/6/15
N2 - Lipids are well recognized ligands that bind to proteins in a specific manner and regulate their function. Most attention has been placed on the headgroup of phospholipids, and little is known about the role of the acyl chains in mediating any effects of lipids on proteins. In this report, free fatty acids (FFA) were found to bind and activate phospholipase C δ1 (PLC δ1). The unsaturated FFA arachidonic acid (AA) and oleic acid were able to stimulate PLC δ1 up to 30-fold in a dose-dependent manner. The saturated FFA stearic acid and palmitic acid were less efficacious than unsaturated FFA, activating the enzyme up to 8-fold. The mechanism of activation appears to be due to a change in Km for substrate; 50 μM arachidonate reduced the Km for the soluble PLC substrate diC4PI from 1.7 ± 0.6 mM to 0.24 ± 0.04 mM (7-fold reduction). Vmax was not significantly altered. PLC δ1 bound to sucrose-loaded vesicles that contained AA in a concentration-dependent manner. A fragment of PLC δ1 that encompasses the EF-hand domain also bound to micelles containing AA using nondenaturing PAGE. This same fragment also inhibited AA activation of PLC δ1 in a competition assay. These results suggest that the function of the EF-hand domain of PLC 61 is to bind lipid and to allosterically regulate catalysis. These results also suggest that esterified and nonesterified fatty acids can bind to and regulate protein function, identifying a functional role for hydrophobic interactions between lipids and proteins.
AB - Lipids are well recognized ligands that bind to proteins in a specific manner and regulate their function. Most attention has been placed on the headgroup of phospholipids, and little is known about the role of the acyl chains in mediating any effects of lipids on proteins. In this report, free fatty acids (FFA) were found to bind and activate phospholipase C δ1 (PLC δ1). The unsaturated FFA arachidonic acid (AA) and oleic acid were able to stimulate PLC δ1 up to 30-fold in a dose-dependent manner. The saturated FFA stearic acid and palmitic acid were less efficacious than unsaturated FFA, activating the enzyme up to 8-fold. The mechanism of activation appears to be due to a change in Km for substrate; 50 μM arachidonate reduced the Km for the soluble PLC substrate diC4PI from 1.7 ± 0.6 mM to 0.24 ± 0.04 mM (7-fold reduction). Vmax was not significantly altered. PLC δ1 bound to sucrose-loaded vesicles that contained AA in a concentration-dependent manner. A fragment of PLC δ1 that encompasses the EF-hand domain also bound to micelles containing AA using nondenaturing PAGE. This same fragment also inhibited AA activation of PLC δ1 in a competition assay. These results suggest that the function of the EF-hand domain of PLC 61 is to bind lipid and to allosterically regulate catalysis. These results also suggest that esterified and nonesterified fatty acids can bind to and regulate protein function, identifying a functional role for hydrophobic interactions between lipids and proteins.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=2942597678&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=2942597678&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/bi035966c
DO - 10.1021/bi035966c
M3 - Article
C2 - 15182194
AN - SCOPUS:2942597678
VL - 43
SP - 7522
EP - 7533
JO - Biochemistry
JF - Biochemistry
SN - 0006-2960
IS - 23
ER -