@article{d117afa17e7547b2a31f6f37015d672d,
title = "Immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma: from tumor heterogeneity to personalized treatment",
abstract = "Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized modern cancer therapy, arousing great interest in the neuro-oncology community. While several reports show that subsets of patients with glioma exhibit durable responses to immunotherapy, the efficacy of this treatment has not been observed for unselected patient populations, preventing its broad clinical implementation for gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM). To exploit the maximum therapeutic potential of ICB for patients with glioma, understanding the different aspects of glioma-related tumor immune responses is of critical importance. In this Review, we discuss contributing factors that distinguish subsets of patients with glioma who may benefit from ICB. Specifically, we discuss (a) the complex interaction between the tumor immune microenvironment and glioma cells as a potential influence on immunotherapy responses; (b) promising biomarkers for responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors; and (c) the potential contributions of peripheral immune cells to therapeutic responses.",
author = "Arrieta, {V{\'i}ctor A.} and Crismita Dmello and McGrail, {Daniel J.} and Brat, {Daniel J.} and Catalina Lee-Chang and Heimberger, {Amy B.} and Dhan Chand and Roger Stupp and Sonabend, {Adam M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Conflict of interest: VAA and AMS are authors of a patent filed by Northwestern University related to predicting the response to immunotherapy in gliomas (US2021071138). AMS has received in-kind and/or funding support for research from Agenus, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Carthera. RS has acted or is acting as a scientific advisor or has served on advisory boards for Alpheus Medical (formerly Craniovation), AstraZeneca, Boston Scientific, Carthera, Celularity, GT Medical, Insightech, Lock-wood (BlackDiamond), Northwest Biotherapeutics, Novocure, Syneos Health (Boston Biomedical), TriAct Therapeutics, and Varian Medical Systems. ABH serves on the advisory board of Caris Life Sciences and the WCG Oncology Advisory Board; receives royalty and milestone payments from DNAtrix for the licensing of “Biomarkers and combination therapies using oncolytic virus and immunomodulation” (patent 11,065,285); and is supported by research grants from Celularity, Codiak BioSciences, and AbbVie. She additionally has active granted patents for “miRNA for treating cancer and for use with adoptive immunotherapies” (patent 9,675,633) and “Concurrent chemotherapy and immunotherapy” (patent 9,399,662), with a patent pending for “Low intensity ultrasound combination cancer therapies” (international applications PCT/US2022/019435 and US 63/158,642). Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, Arrieta et al. This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Reference information: J Clin Invest. 2023;133(2):e163447. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI163447. Funding Information: This work was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH grant 1R01NS110703-01A1 (to AMS); National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH grant 1U19CA264338-01 (to AMS and RS); NCI grant P50CA221747 SPORE for Translational Approaches to Brain Cancer (M.S. Lesniak); NIH grant R00CA240689 (to DJM); and funding support from the Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute (to AMS); as well as generous philanthropic support from the Moceri Family Foundation (to AMS). Publisher Copyright: Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, Arrieta et al.",
year = "2023",
month = jan,
day = "17",
doi = "10.1172/JCI163447",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "133",
journal = "Journal of Clinical Investigation",
issn = "0021-9738",
publisher = "The American Society for Clinical Investigation",
number = "2",
}
