@article{77bbbd50b8df45ed80e8d5d9dc1dad78,
title = "Impact of Sequence Specificity of Spherical Nucleic Acids on Macrophage Activation in Vitro and in Vivo",
abstract = "The effects of spherical nucleic acid (SNA) gold nanoparticle conjugates on the activation of macrophages in vitro and release of cytokines in vivo were explored. Herein, we show that G-quadruplexes, the formation of which is enhanced on gold nanoparticle surfaces, elicit an increase in cytokine release from mouse and human macrophages and induce the upregulation of activation receptors as well as NO2 production in vitro. Moreover, these G-rich SNAs can induce cytokine release when injected intravenously, though there were no severe, long-term effects observed. These results further reinforce the notion that nucleic acid sequence and structure play an important role in how SNAs interact in biological milieu and highlight a key design parameter.",
keywords = "G-quadruplex, gold nanoparticles, macrophage activation, spherical nucleic acids",
author = "Guan, {Chenxia M.} and Chinen, {Alyssa B.} and Ferrer, {Jennifer R.} and Ko, {Caroline H.} and Mirkin, {Chad A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U54CA199091. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. A.B.C. and C.M.G. both acknowledge a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. J.R.F. acknowledges support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences under Awards F31GM119392 and T32GM105538. C.H.K. acknowledges support from an American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship under Award PF-11-107-01-CDD. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Core and the Northwestern University Mouse Histology and Phenotyping Laboratory. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 American Chemical Society.",
year = "2019",
month = may,
day = "23",
doi = "10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00561",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "4223--4229",
journal = "Molecular Pharmaceutics",
issn = "1543-8384",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "10",
}