Importance of reducing vapor atmosphere in the fabrication of Tin-based perovskite solar cells

Tze Bin Song; Takamichi Yokoyama; Constantinos C. Stoumpos; Jenna Logsdon; Duyen H. Cao; Michael R. Wasielewski; Shinji Aramaki; Mercouri G. Kanatzidis

doi:10.1021/jacs.6b10734

Importance of reducing vapor atmosphere in the fabrication of Tin-based perovskite solar cells

Tze Bin Song, Takamichi Yokoyama, Constantinos C. Stoumpos, Jenna Logsdon, Duyen H. Cao, Michael R. Wasielewski, Shinji Aramaki, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

546 Scopus citations

Abstract

Tin-based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but the tendency of these materials to form leakage pathways from p-type defect states, mainly Sn⁴⁺ and Sn vacancies, causes poor device reproducibility and limits the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Here, we present an effective process that involves a reducing vapor atmosphere during the preparation of Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells to solve this problem, using MASnI₃, CsSnI₃, and CsSnBr₃ as the representative absorbers. This process enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with PCEs of 3.89%, 1.83%, and 3.04% for MASnI₃, CsSnI₃, and CsSnBr₃, respectively. The reducing vapor atmosphere process results in more than 20% reduction of Sn⁴⁺/Sn²⁺ ratios, which leads to greatly suppressed carrier recombination, to a level comparable to their lead-based counterparts. These results mark an important step toward a deeper understanding of the intrinsic Sn-based halide perovskite materials, paving the way to the realization of low-cost and lead-free Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	836-842
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of the American Chemical Society
Volume	139
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10734
State	Published - Jan 18 2017

Funding

T.-B.S. acknowledges financial support from Mitsubishi Chemical Group Science & Technology Research Center, Inc. D.H.C. acknowledges support from the Link Foundation through the Link Foundation Energy Fellowship Program. This work was supported in part by the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award No. DE-SC0001059 (solar absorber material synthesis and solar cell characterization). This work made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center, and the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (EEC-0118025/003), both programs of the National Science Foundation; the State of Illinois; and Northwestern University.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Catalysis
General Chemistry
Biochemistry
Colloid and Surface Chemistry

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10.1021/jacs.6b10734

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title = "Importance of reducing vapor atmosphere in the fabrication of Tin-based perovskite solar cells",

abstract = "Tin-based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but the tendency of these materials to form leakage pathways from p-type defect states, mainly Sn4+ and Sn vacancies, causes poor device reproducibility and limits the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Here, we present an effective process that involves a reducing vapor atmosphere during the preparation of Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells to solve this problem, using MASnI3, CsSnI3, and CsSnBr3 as the representative absorbers. This process enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with PCEs of 3.89%, 1.83%, and 3.04% for MASnI3, CsSnI3, and CsSnBr3, respectively. The reducing vapor atmosphere process results in more than 20% reduction of Sn4+/Sn2+ ratios, which leads to greatly suppressed carrier recombination, to a level comparable to their lead-based counterparts. These results mark an important step toward a deeper understanding of the intrinsic Sn-based halide perovskite materials, paving the way to the realization of low-cost and lead-free Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells.",

author = "Song, {Tze Bin} and Takamichi Yokoyama and Stoumpos, {Constantinos C.} and Jenna Logsdon and Cao, {Duyen H.} and Wasielewski, {Michael R.} and Shinji Aramaki and Kanatzidis, {Mercouri G.}",

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doi = "10.1021/jacs.6b10734",

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AU - Yokoyama, Takamichi

AU - Stoumpos, Constantinos C.

AU - Logsdon, Jenna

AU - Cao, Duyen H.

AU - Wasielewski, Michael R.

AU - Aramaki, Shinji

AU - Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.

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AB - Tin-based halide perovskite materials have been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but the tendency of these materials to form leakage pathways from p-type defect states, mainly Sn4+ and Sn vacancies, causes poor device reproducibility and limits the overall power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Here, we present an effective process that involves a reducing vapor atmosphere during the preparation of Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells to solve this problem, using MASnI3, CsSnI3, and CsSnBr3 as the representative absorbers. This process enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with PCEs of 3.89%, 1.83%, and 3.04% for MASnI3, CsSnI3, and CsSnBr3, respectively. The reducing vapor atmosphere process results in more than 20% reduction of Sn4+/Sn2+ ratios, which leads to greatly suppressed carrier recombination, to a level comparable to their lead-based counterparts. These results mark an important step toward a deeper understanding of the intrinsic Sn-based halide perovskite materials, paving the way to the realization of low-cost and lead-free Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells.

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Importance of reducing vapor atmosphere in the fabrication of Tin-based perovskite solar cells

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