Abstract
Background: Neratinib is an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for extended adjuvant treatment in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer based on the phase III ExteNET study. In that trial, in which no antidiarrheal prophylaxis was mandated, grade 3 diarrhea was observed in 40% of patients and 17% discontinued due to diarrhea. The international, open-label, sequential-cohort, phase II CONTROL study is investigating several strategies to improve tolerability. Patients and methods: Patients who completed trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy received neratinib 240 mg/day for 1 year plus loperamide prophylaxis (days 1–28 or 1–56). Sequential cohorts evaluated additional budesonide or colestipol prophylaxis (days 1–28) and neratinib dose escalation (DE; ongoing). The primary end point was the incidence of grade ≥3 diarrhea. Results: Final data for loperamide (L; n = 137), budesonide + loperamide (BL; n = 64), colestipol + loperamide (CL; n = 136), and colestipol + as-needed loperamide (CL-PRN; n = 104) cohorts, and interim data for DE (n = 60; completed ≥six cycles or discontinued; median duration 11 months) are available. No grade 4 diarrhea was observed. Grade 3 diarrhea rates were lower than ExteNET in all cohorts and lowest in DE (L 31%, BL 28%, CL 21%, CL-PRN 32%, DE 15%). Median number of grade 3 diarrhea episodes was one; median duration per grade 3 episode was 1.0–2.0 days across cohorts. Most grade 3 diarrhea and diarrhea-related discontinuations occurred in month 1. Diarrhea-related discontinuations were lowest in DE (L 20%, BL 8%, CL 4%, CL-PRN 8%, DE 3%). Decreases in health-related quality of life did not cross the clinically important threshold. Conclusions: Neratinib tolerability was improved with preemptive prophylaxis or DE, which reduced the rate, severity, and duration of neratinib-associated grade ≥3 diarrhea compared with ExteNET. Lower diarrhea-related treatment discontinuations in multiple cohorts indicate that proactive management can allow patients to stay on neratinib for the recommended time period. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02400476.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1223-1230 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Annals of Oncology |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 2020 |
Funding
CONTROL was sponsored by Puma Biotechnology Inc. Puma Biotechnology Inc. also funded the provision of writing/editorial support provided by Miller Medical Communications Ltd. CHB was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health [K12 grant Paul Calabresi Clinical Oncology Award grant number: 5K12CA088084-17] and the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health MD Anderson Cancer Support Grant [grant number P30CA016672]. CONTROL was sponsored by Puma Biotechnology Inc . Puma Biotechnology Inc. also funded the provision of writing/editorial support provided by Miller Medical Communications Ltd . CHB was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health [K12 grant Paul Calabresi Clinical Oncology Award grant number: 5K12CA088084-17 ] and the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health MD Anderson Cancer Support Grant [grant number P30CA016672 ].
Keywords
- HER2-positive breast cancer
- diarrhea prophylaxis
- neratinib
- quality of life
- tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Hematology
- Oncology
