Improvements, validation and adaptation of a shoulder model

Several biomechanical investigations were performed to gain a better understanding of the shoulder function and improve a computer-based shoulder model. A new tool for the development as well as validation purposes is presented and applied to the Gothenburg shoulder model. The tool includes an equipment which makes it possible to measure strength profiles. The roles of passive elements, control objectives and constraints imposed by external influences were also investigated. The anterior deltoid muscle was found to play a major part in stabilizing the joint between the clavicula and the shoulder blade.