Incorporated guanidinium expands the CH3NH3PbI3 lattice and enhances photovoltaic performance

Lili Gao, Xiaotong Li, Yan Liu, Junjie Fang, Sheng Huang, Ioannis Spanopoulos, Xiaolei Li, Yao Wang, Lin Chen, Guanjun Yang*, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

31 Scopus citations

Abstract

Guanidinium (GA) has been widely used as an additive in solar cells for enhanced performance. However, the size of the guanidinium cation is too large to be incorporated in the cage of the perovskite structure. Instead, GA forms a variety of structures with lead iodide, where its role in the perovskite crystal as well as solar cell devices is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that GA can be incorporated into the structure of MAPbI3 as (GA)x(MA)1xPbI3. From single-crystal X-ray crystallographic refinement, we observe lattice expansion and Pb−I bond elongation with GA incorporation similar to exerting “negative pressure”, which weakens orbital overlap and widens the band gap from 1.49 to 1.53 eV. We find that the highest percentage of GA that can be incorporated into the 3D MAPbI3 structure is 5.26%, as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The alloyed (GA)x(MA)1xPbI3 exhibits increased PL lifetimes from 154.4 to 266.3 ns after GA incorporation while the Voc of (GA)x(MA)1xPbI3 devices enlarges from 1.05 to 1.11 V. High efficiencies in solar cell devices up to 20.38% with a Jsc of 23.55 mA cm−2, Voc of 1.11 V, and FF of 0.78 have been achieved, with stable photovoltaic performance for 900 h in air.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)43885-43891
Number of pages7
JournalACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
Volume12
Issue number39
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 30 2020

Keywords

  • 3D halide perovskites
  • Expanded lattice
  • Guanidinium incorporation
  • Photovoltaic performance
  • Stability

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Materials Science

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