Increased mirror overflow movements in ADHD are associated with altered EEG alpha/beta band desynchronization

Danielle McAuliffe; Kathryn Hirabayashi; Jack H. Adamek; Yu Luo; Deana Crocetti; Ajay S. Pillai; Yi Zhao; Nathan E. Crone; Stewart H. Mostofsky; Joshua B. Ewen

doi:10.1111/ejn.14642

Increased mirror overflow movements in ADHD are associated with altered EEG alpha/beta band desynchronization

Danielle McAuliffe, Kathryn Hirabayashi, Jack H. Adamek, Yu Luo, Deana Crocetti, Ajay S. Pillai, Yi Zhao, Nathan E. Crone, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Joshua B. Ewen^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Pediatrics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Children with ADHD show developmentally abnormal levels of mirror overflow—unintentional movements occurring symmetrically opposite of intentional movements. Because mirror overflow correlates with ADHD behavioral symptoms, the study of disinhibition in motor control may shed light on physiologic mechanisms underlying impaired behavioral/cognitive control. This is a case–controlled study of EEG recording from 25 children with ADHD and 25 typically developing (TD) controls performing unilateral sequential finger tapping, with overflow movements measured using electronic goniometers. Consistent with previously published findings, children with ADHD showed increased mirror overflow as compared with TD peers. EEG findings revealed less lateralized alpha modulation (event-related desynchronization; ERD) and decreased magnitude of beta ERD in ADHD; both alpha and beta ERD reflect cortical activation. Moderation analysis revealed a significant association between beta ERD and overflow, independent of diagnosis; and an equivocal (p =.08) effect of diagnosis on the relationship between alpha ERD and overflow, with a significant effect in children with ADHD but not TD children. These results suggest two mechanisms involved with mirror overflow: one reflected in beta ipsilateral to the intentional movement and relevant to both children with ADHD and controls, and the other seemingly more specific to ADHD (alpha, contralateral to movement).

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1815-1826
Number of pages	12
Journal	European Journal of Neuroscience
Volume	51
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14642
State	Published - Apr 1 2020

Funding

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health at the National Institutes of health (R01 MH078160-08S1 and R01 MH085328) to SHM. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health at the National Institutes of health (R01 MH078160‐08S1 and R01 MH085328) to SHM.

Keywords

EEG
moderation analysis
motor control
sensory-motor rhythm

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience

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10.1111/ejn.14642

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title = "Increased mirror overflow movements in ADHD are associated with altered EEG alpha/beta band desynchronization",

abstract = "Children with ADHD show developmentally abnormal levels of mirror overflow—unintentional movements occurring symmetrically opposite of intentional movements. Because mirror overflow correlates with ADHD behavioral symptoms, the study of disinhibition in motor control may shed light on physiologic mechanisms underlying impaired behavioral/cognitive control. This is a case–controlled study of EEG recording from 25 children with ADHD and 25 typically developing (TD) controls performing unilateral sequential finger tapping, with overflow movements measured using electronic goniometers. Consistent with previously published findings, children with ADHD showed increased mirror overflow as compared with TD peers. EEG findings revealed less lateralized alpha modulation (event-related desynchronization; ERD) and decreased magnitude of beta ERD in ADHD; both alpha and beta ERD reflect cortical activation. Moderation analysis revealed a significant association between beta ERD and overflow, independent of diagnosis; and an equivocal (p =.08) effect of diagnosis on the relationship between alpha ERD and overflow, with a significant effect in children with ADHD but not TD children. These results suggest two mechanisms involved with mirror overflow: one reflected in beta ipsilateral to the intentional movement and relevant to both children with ADHD and controls, and the other seemingly more specific to ADHD (alpha, contralateral to movement).",

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AU - Hirabayashi, Kathryn

AU - Adamek, Jack H.

AU - Luo, Yu

AU - Crocetti, Deana

AU - Pillai, Ajay S.

AU - Zhao, Yi

AU - Crone, Nathan E.

AU - Mostofsky, Stewart H.

AU - Ewen, Joshua B.

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N2 - Children with ADHD show developmentally abnormal levels of mirror overflow—unintentional movements occurring symmetrically opposite of intentional movements. Because mirror overflow correlates with ADHD behavioral symptoms, the study of disinhibition in motor control may shed light on physiologic mechanisms underlying impaired behavioral/cognitive control. This is a case–controlled study of EEG recording from 25 children with ADHD and 25 typically developing (TD) controls performing unilateral sequential finger tapping, with overflow movements measured using electronic goniometers. Consistent with previously published findings, children with ADHD showed increased mirror overflow as compared with TD peers. EEG findings revealed less lateralized alpha modulation (event-related desynchronization; ERD) and decreased magnitude of beta ERD in ADHD; both alpha and beta ERD reflect cortical activation. Moderation analysis revealed a significant association between beta ERD and overflow, independent of diagnosis; and an equivocal (p =.08) effect of diagnosis on the relationship between alpha ERD and overflow, with a significant effect in children with ADHD but not TD children. These results suggest two mechanisms involved with mirror overflow: one reflected in beta ipsilateral to the intentional movement and relevant to both children with ADHD and controls, and the other seemingly more specific to ADHD (alpha, contralateral to movement).

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Increased mirror overflow movements in ADHD are associated with altered EEG alpha/beta band desynchronization

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