Inflammation, oxidation and venous neointimal hyperplasia precede vascular injury from AVF creation in CKD patients

Haimanot Wasse*, Rong Huang, Nawazish Naqvi, Eileen Smith, Dezhi Wang, Ahsan Husain

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

77 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Intimal hyperplasia (IH), a well-recognized cause of dialysis vascular access failure, is generally believed to be an acquired pathologic lesion. Recent data suggests that IH is present prior to AVF creation. We sought to determine whether pre-existing inflammation and oxidation co-exist with IH prior to their incorporation into an AVF conduit, as their presence may predispose the AVF to further IH following AVF creation. Methods: At the time of first AV access surgery, vein segments were collected from ten Stage 4 and 5 CKD patients undergoing AVF creation 6-12 months prior to anticipated dialysis initiation. Morphometry and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect inflammatory markers IL-6, TGF-β1, and TNFa, and markers of DNA oxidative damage (8-Hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine [HNE]) and lipid peroxidation (4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal [8OHdG]). Results: The degree of IH severity was variable. IL-6, TGF-β1, and TNFa co-localized with a-smooth muscle actin prominently within the venous intima and media. Although more diffuse, HNE and 8OHdG were intensely expressed in parallel with the inflammatory markers. In spite of these findings, however, neither extant IH nor the intensity of inflammatory or oxidative markers were associated with primary or secondary AVF failure at 12 month follow-up. Conclusions: Not only does venous IH pre-exist, but inflammation and oxidation markers are present within veins used for the AVF conduit prior to its creation in CKD patients as early as one year before dialysis is commenced. Nevertheless, short and long-term AVF outcomes were not associated with the inflammatory or oxidative burden, suggesting the complexity of AVF dysfunction in humans with CKD.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)168-174
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of Vascular Access
Volume13
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 2012
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • AVF
  • CKD
  • Dialysis access
  • Inflammation
  • Oxidation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Nephrology

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