Abstract
Siglecs are a family of emerging glyco-immune checkpoints. Inhibiting them can enhance the functions of several types of immune cells, whereas engaging them can reduce hyper-inflammation and hyper-activation of immune functions. Siglec-sialoglycan interactions play an important role in modulating immunological functions during cancer, however, their roles in regulating immunological equilibrium during viral infections is less clear. In this review, we discuss the documented and potential roles of inhibitory Siglecs in balancing immune activation and tolerance during viral infections and consider how this balance could affect both the desired anti-viral immunological functions and the unwanted hyper- or chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the opportunities to target the Siglec immunological switches to reach an immunological balance during viral infections: inhibiting specific Siglec-sialoglycan interactions when maximum anti-viral immune responses are needed, or inducing other interactions when preventing excessive inflammation or reducing chronic immune activation are the goals.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 104354 |
| Journal | EBioMedicine |
| Volume | 86 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2022 |
Funding
M.A.-M. is funded by the following grants: NIH ( R01AI165079 , R01NS117458 , R01DK123733 , and R01AG062383 ), Campbell Foundation award , Penn Center for AIDS Research ( P30 AI 045008 ), and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . M.A.-M., O.S.A., and P.S. are members of the investigation team of the NIH-funded BEAT-HIV Martin Delaney Collaboratory to cure HIV-1 infection (UM1AI164570). The funders had no role in the review design or writing. We would also like to thank Rachel E. Locke, Ph.D., for providing comments. M.A.-M. is funded by the following grants: NIH (R01AI165079, R01NS117458, R01DK123733, and R01AG062383), Campbell Foundation award, Penn Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI 045008), and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. M.A.-M. O.S.A. and P.S. are members of the investigation team of the NIH-funded BEAT-HIV Martin Delaney Collaboratory to cure HIV-1 infection (UM1AI164570). The funders had no role in the review design or writing. We would also like to thank Rachel E. Locke, Ph.D. for providing comments.
Keywords
- Glyco-immune checkpoints
- Immune activation
- Immune surveillance
- Immune tolerance
- Sialic acid
- Siglec
- Viral infections
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
