Insights from personalized models of brain and behavior for identifying biomarkers in psychiatry

Brian Kraus*, Richard Zinbarg, Rodrigo M. Braga, Robin Nusslock, Vijay A. Mittal, Caterina Gratton

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

A main goal in translational neuroscience is to identify neural correlates of psychopathology (“biomarkers”) that can be used to facilitate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This goal has led to substantial research into how psychopathology symptoms relate to large-scale brain systems. However, these efforts have not yet resulted in practical biomarkers used in clinical practice. One reason for this underwhelming progress may be that many study designs focus on increasing sample size instead of collecting additional data within each individual. This focus limits the reliability and predictive validity of brain and behavioral measures in any one person. As biomarkers exist at the level of individuals, an increased focus on validating them within individuals is warranted. We argue that personalized models, estimated from extensive data collection within individuals, can address these concerns. We review evidence from two, thus far separate, lines of research on personalized models of (1) psychopathology symptoms and (2) fMRI measures of brain networks. We close by proposing approaches uniting personalized models across both domains to improve biomarker research.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number105259
JournalNeuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume152
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2023

Funding

This work was supported by NIH grant T32NS047987 (to B.K.) and NIMH grants R01MH118370 (to C.G.) and R00MH117226 (to R.M.B.).

Keywords

  • Biomarkers
  • Functional Connectivity
  • Personalized Models
  • Precision Imaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychopathology
  • fMRI

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

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