Integrating bioelectronics with cell-based synthetic biology

Biohybrid devices bring forth new opportunities not achievable by bioelectronics or synthetic biology alone, enabling function that overcomes fundamental biological processes while maintaining connections to the Internet of Things and stakeholders. Biohybrid devices can enable real-time data-driven patient care while improving adherence and enhancing patient access by enabling remote treatment and monitoring. Combining cell engineering and bioelectronics requires efficient means of bidirectional communication between cells and abiotic bioelectronics, which can be achieved across modalities. Many challenges exist, including prevention of fibrosis or fouling for implants and life support to sustain cells, which can be addressed via co-design of biomaterials, bioelectronics and/or cell engineering. While key demonstrations have been achieved for therapy, diagnostics and robotics, the examples are largely at the proof-of-concept stage. Future advances in longevity, feedback and regulation, and multicellular approaches are needed to advance the field.