Abstract
In heart failure (HF), the impaired heart loses its ability to competently eject blood during systole or fill with blood during diastole, manifesting in multifaceted abnormal intracardiac or intravascular flow dynamics. Conventional imaging techniques are limited in their ability to evaluate multidirectional multidimensional flow alterations in HF. Four-dimensional (4-D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a promising technique to comprehensively visualize and quantify changes in 3-dimensional blood flow dynamics in complex cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews emerging applications of 4-D flow MRI hemodynamic markers in HF and etiologies at risk of progressing to HF.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 135-147 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Heart Failure Clinics |
Volume | 17 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 2021 |
Funding
M. Markl declares research support from Siemens Healthineers; a research grant from, and consulting for, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging; and a research grant from Cryolife Inc. The other authors have nothing to disclose. M. Markl declares research support from Siemens Healthineers ; a research grant from, and consulting for, Circle Cardiovascular Imaging ; and a research grant from Cryolife Inc . The other authors have nothing to disclose.
Keywords
- 4-D flow MRI
- Heart failure
- Hemodynamics
- Intracardiac flow
- Intravascular flow
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine