Abstract
Lifelong use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to diminish the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting a key role of inflammation in early stages of the pathology. While amyloid plaque-associated inflammation has been extensively studied in human and animal models, little is known about the inflammatory process prior to plaque deposition, i.e., in preclinical stages of AD. In this study we investigated microglial and neuronal inflammatory markers in preplaque transgenic McGill-Thy1-APP mice. We found evidence that prior to plaque deposition classical markers of microglial activation such as major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), and CD40 are already upregulated in the hippocampus of transgenic mice. Microglial cells from transgenic mice in the preplaque stage displayed intermediately activated morphology and appeared to be recruited toward intracellular amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-oligomer burdened neurons. The inducible, neuron-specific cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme was found to be upregulated and specifically expressed by neurons in close relationship with Aβ-bearing cells, at this early stage of the AD-like pathology. Our study suggests that neuroinflammation might be one of the earliest pathological responses to intracellular accumulation of Aβ-oligomers.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1329-1342 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Neurobiology of Aging |
Volume | 33 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 2012 |
Funding
M.T.F. is the holder of a PBEEE (Programme de Bourse d'Excellence pour Étudiants Étrangers) from the FQRNT (Fonds de Recherche Sur la Nature et les Technologies du Québec). A.C.C. is the holder of the Charles E. Frosst/Merck endowed Chair in Pharmacology. This work was funded by CIHR (grant MOP-67170 ) to A.C.C. The ACC lab is grateful for the unrestricted support received from Alan Frosst, the Frosst family, and Merck Canada. W.L.K. is supported by R01AG022547 ( NIH ).
Keywords
- Aβ-oligomers
- COX-2
- INOS
- Inflammation
- Preclinical Alzheimer's disease
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Geriatrics and Gerontology
- Aging
- General Neuroscience
- Developmental Biology