Abstract
Objective This study evaluated knowledge, opinions and compliance related to Uganda's comprehensive smoke-free law among hospitality venues in Kampala Uganda. Design This multi-method study presents cross-sectional findings of the extent of compliance in the early phase of Uganda's comprehensive smoke-free law (2 months postimplementation; pre-enforcement). Setting Bars, pubs and restaurants in Kampala Uganda. Procedure and participants A two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure was used to select hospitality sites stratified by all five divisions in Kampala. A total of 222 establishments were selected for the study. One hospitality representative from each of the visited sites agreed to take part in a face-to-face administered questionnaire. A subsample of hospitality venues were randomly selected for tobacco air quality testing (n=108). Data were collected between June and August 2016. Outcome measures Knowledge and opinions of the smoke-free law among hospitality venue staff and owners. The level of compliance with the smoke-free law in hospitality venues through: (1) systematic objective observations (eg, active smoking, the presence of designated smoking areas, 'no smoking' signage) and (2) air quality by measuring the levels of tobacco particulate matter (PM 2.5) in both indoor and outdoor venues. Results Active smoking was observed in 18% of venues, 31% had visible 'no smoking' signage and 47% had visible cigarette remains. Among interviewed respondents, 57% agreed that they had not been adequately informed about the smoke-free law; however, 90% were supportive of the ban. Nearly all respondents (97%) agreed that the law will protect workers' health, but 32% believed that the law would cause financial losses at their establishment. Indoor PM 2.5 levels were hazardous (267.6 μg/m 3) in venues that allowed smoking and moderate (29.6 μg/m 3) in smoke-free establishments. Conclusions In the early phase of Uganda's smoke-free law, the level of compliance in hospitality venues settings in Kampala was suboptimal. Civil society and the media have strong potential to inform and educate the hospitality industry and smokers of the benefits and requirements of the smoke-free law.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 017601 |
| Journal | BMJ open |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2018 |
Funding
1International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC)Project , Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada 2Center for Tobacco Control in Africa (CTCA), Kampala, Uganda 3School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda 4Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda 5Respiratory Group, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK 6Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 7World Health Organization, Beijing, China 8Association for the Promotion of Youth Leadership, Advocacy and Volunteerism (APYLAV), Yaounde, Cameroon 9Nigerian Heart Foundation, Osogbo, Nigeria 10Healthy People Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda 11Icahn School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA 12Department of Preventive Medicine and Medicine-Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA 13Department of Medicine and Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 14Centro de Investigación para la Epidemia del Tabaquismo, Montevideo, Uruguay Acknowledgements The KOMPLY Project team is sincerely thankful to World Heart Federation Emerging Leaders Program for the financial support to conduct this study. We also thank Professor William Bazeyo (Dean Makerere University School of Public Health and the CTCA Centre Director) and the entire Center for Tobacco Control in Africa (CTCA) for their support on this research project. We also extend our gratitude to Professor Geoffrey Fong (University of Waterloo, Canada), Professor David Guwatudde (Makerere University School of Public Health), Dr Sean Semple (Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen) and Dr Sheila Ndyanabangi (Ministry of Heath Uganda) for their guidance and support throughout the development, data collection and dissemination of this research project. The team acknowledges the 3 sets of fieldworkers who collected the data for this study as well as the ITC Project and the Institute of Global Tobacco Control of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health for the use of their Sidepack machines. Finally, the authors thank the Reviewers for their guidance and insight. were in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee at Makerere University School of Public Health and registered with the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Funding The KOMPLY Smoke-Free Emerging Leaders Project was supported by the World Heart Federation. Additionally, SG was supported by a Career Development Award from the Canadian Cancer Society (#703858). LR was supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago.
Keywords
- enforcement
- policy
- secondhand/environmental exposure
- smoking
- tobacco control
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine
