Learning from the past: How lessons from Hinman syndrome can inform the psychological management of lower urinary tract dysfunction

Introduction: Pediatric patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) experience a variety of medical and psychosocial concerns that can negatively impact their clinical management and quality of life. When initially described by Drs Hinman and Baumann, patients with a form of severe LUTD, later dubbed Hinman syndrome, were characterized as having a “general attitude of being failures.” While this mention was noteworthy as it incorporated an understanding of the interplay between psychological factors and urologic conditions, there have been delays in implementing psychological intervention as a standard of care in patients with LUTD broadly, and perhaps too keen of a focus on youth diagnosed with Hinman syndrome specifically. Methods: A non-systematic reviewed of LUTD related to psychological management was performed. Clinical recommendations were developed by a multicenter and multidisciplinary team of care providers with topic expertise. Objective: The aim of this paper is to propose a systems thinking paradigm for how to involve psychology, or psychological principles, across the spectrum of patients with LUTD with the hope of improving attention to specific aspects of care that may improve clinical management. Discussion: Children across the spectrum of LUTD are likely to benefit from psychological interventions and would benefit from such involvement early on to mitigate the impact of psychosocial concerns on medical outcomes. Pediatric psychologists are well-suited to identify and provide individualized care to patients in greatest need of intervention, such as through pre-procedural preparedness, addressing non-adherence, and with the use of evidence-based, targeted mental health interventions. Psychologists are also apt at implementing interventions while taking into consideration the severity of LUTD, in the context of the patient's psychological, developmental, cultural, familial, and social determinants of health considerations. Youth with severe forms of LUTD, such as Hinman syndrome, likely exemplify the challenges of LUTD that benefit from multidisciplinary intervention. Conclusion: Medical and psychological collaboration are key to ensuring symptom mitigation and emotional support for patients across the entire spectrum of LUTD.