TY - JOUR
T1 - Levels of phospho-Smad2/3 are sensors of the interplay between effects of TGF-β and retinoic acid on monocytic and granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells
AU - Cao, Zhouhong
AU - Flanders, Kathleen C.
AU - Bertolette, Daniel
AU - Lyakh, Lyudmila A.
AU - Wurthner, Jens U.
AU - Parks, W. Tony
AU - Letterio, John J.
AU - Ruscetti, Francis W.
AU - Roberts, Anita B.
PY - 2003/1/15
Y1 - 2003/1/15
N2 - We have investigated the role of Smad family proteins, known to be important cytoplasmic mediators of signals from the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor serine/threonine kinases, in TGF-β-dependent differentiation of hematopoietic cells, using as a model the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. TGF-β-dependent differentiation of these cells to monocytes, but not retinoic acid-dependent differentiation to granulocytes, was accompanied by rapid phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad3. Vitamin D3 also induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and monocytic differentiation; however the effects were indirect, dependent on its ability to induce expression of TGF-β1. Simultaneous treatment of these cells with TGF-β1 and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which leads to almost equal numbers of granulocytes and monocytes, significantly reduced the level of phospho-Smad2/3 and its nuclear accumulation, compared with that in cells treated with TGF-β1 alone. TGF-β1 and ATRA activate P42/44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase with nearly identical kinetics, ruling out its involvement in these effects on Smad phosphorylation. Addition of the inhibitor-of-protein serine/threonine phosphatases, okadaic acid, blocks the ATRA-mediated reduction in TGF-β-induced phospho-Smad2 and shifts the differentiation toward monocytic end points. In HL-60R mutant cells, which harbor a defective retinoic acid receptor-α (RAR-α), ATRA is unable to reduce levels of TGF-βinduced phospho-Smad2/3, coincident with its inability to differentiate these cells along granulocytic pathways. Together, these data suggest a new level of cross-talk between ATRA and TGF-β, whereby a putative RAR-α-dependent phosphatase activity limits the levels of phospho-Smad2/3 Induced by TGF-13, ultimately reducing the levels of nuclear Smad complexes mediating the TGF-βdependent differentiation of the cells to monocytic end points.
AB - We have investigated the role of Smad family proteins, known to be important cytoplasmic mediators of signals from the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor serine/threonine kinases, in TGF-β-dependent differentiation of hematopoietic cells, using as a model the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. TGF-β-dependent differentiation of these cells to monocytes, but not retinoic acid-dependent differentiation to granulocytes, was accompanied by rapid phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2 and Smad3. Vitamin D3 also induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and monocytic differentiation; however the effects were indirect, dependent on its ability to induce expression of TGF-β1. Simultaneous treatment of these cells with TGF-β1 and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), which leads to almost equal numbers of granulocytes and monocytes, significantly reduced the level of phospho-Smad2/3 and its nuclear accumulation, compared with that in cells treated with TGF-β1 alone. TGF-β1 and ATRA activate P42/44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase with nearly identical kinetics, ruling out its involvement in these effects on Smad phosphorylation. Addition of the inhibitor-of-protein serine/threonine phosphatases, okadaic acid, blocks the ATRA-mediated reduction in TGF-β-induced phospho-Smad2 and shifts the differentiation toward monocytic end points. In HL-60R mutant cells, which harbor a defective retinoic acid receptor-α (RAR-α), ATRA is unable to reduce levels of TGF-βinduced phospho-Smad2/3, coincident with its inability to differentiate these cells along granulocytic pathways. Together, these data suggest a new level of cross-talk between ATRA and TGF-β, whereby a putative RAR-α-dependent phosphatase activity limits the levels of phospho-Smad2/3 Induced by TGF-13, ultimately reducing the levels of nuclear Smad complexes mediating the TGF-βdependent differentiation of the cells to monocytic end points.
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U2 - 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1549
DO - 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1549
M3 - Article
C2 - 12393416
AN - SCOPUS:0037438639
VL - 101
SP - 498
EP - 507
JO - Blood
JF - Blood
SN - 0006-4971
IS - 2
ER -