TY - JOUR
T1 - Lifetime risks for cardiovascular disease mortality by cardiorespiratory fitness levels measured at ages 45, 55, and 65 years in men
T2 - The cooper center longitudinal study
AU - Berry, Jarett D.
AU - Willis, Benjamin
AU - Gupta, Sachin
AU - Barlow, Carolyn E.
AU - Lakoski, Susan G.
AU - Khera, Amit
AU - Rohatgi, Anand
AU - De Lemos, James A.
AU - Haskell, William
AU - Lloyd-Jones, Donald M.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/4/5
Y1 - 2011/4/5
N2 - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between fitness and lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background: Higher levels of traditional risk factors are associated with marked differences in lifetime risks for CVD. However, data are sparse regarding the association between fitness and the lifetime risk for CVD. Methods: We followed up 11,049 men who underwent clinical examination at the Cooper Institute in Dallas, Texas, before 1990 until the occurrence of CVD death, non-CVD death, or attainment of age 90 years (281,469 person-years of follow-up, median follow-up 25.3 years, 1,106 CVD deaths). Fitness was measured by the Balke protocol and categorized according to treadmill time into low, moderate, and high fitness, with further stratification by CVD risk factor burden. Lifetime risk for CVD death determined by the National Death Index was estimated for fitness levels measured at ages 45, 55, and 65 years, with non-CVD death as the competing event. Results: Differences in fitness levels (low fitness vs. high fitness) were associated with marked differences in the lifetime risks for CVD death at each index age: age 45 years, 13.7% versus 3.4%; age 55 years, 34.2% versus 15.3%; and age 65 years, 35.6% versus 17.1%. These associations were strongest among persons with CVD risk factors. Conclusions: A single measurement of low fitness in mid-life was associated with higher lifetime risk for CVD death, particularly among persons with a high burden of CVD risk factors.
AB - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between fitness and lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background: Higher levels of traditional risk factors are associated with marked differences in lifetime risks for CVD. However, data are sparse regarding the association between fitness and the lifetime risk for CVD. Methods: We followed up 11,049 men who underwent clinical examination at the Cooper Institute in Dallas, Texas, before 1990 until the occurrence of CVD death, non-CVD death, or attainment of age 90 years (281,469 person-years of follow-up, median follow-up 25.3 years, 1,106 CVD deaths). Fitness was measured by the Balke protocol and categorized according to treadmill time into low, moderate, and high fitness, with further stratification by CVD risk factor burden. Lifetime risk for CVD death determined by the National Death Index was estimated for fitness levels measured at ages 45, 55, and 65 years, with non-CVD death as the competing event. Results: Differences in fitness levels (low fitness vs. high fitness) were associated with marked differences in the lifetime risks for CVD death at each index age: age 45 years, 13.7% versus 3.4%; age 55 years, 34.2% versus 15.3%; and age 65 years, 35.6% versus 17.1%. These associations were strongest among persons with CVD risk factors. Conclusions: A single measurement of low fitness in mid-life was associated with higher lifetime risk for CVD death, particularly among persons with a high burden of CVD risk factors.
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - epidemiology
KW - exercise testing
KW - lifetime risk
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.056
DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.056
M3 - Article
C2 - 21474041
AN - SCOPUS:79953721665
VL - 57
SP - 1604
EP - 1610
JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
SN - 0735-1097
IS - 15
ER -