Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution

Ruian Ke; Pamela P. Martinez; Rebecca L. Smith; Laura L. Gibson; Chad J. Achenbach; Sally McFall; Chao Qi; Joshua Jacob; Etienne Dembele; Camille Bundy; Lacy M. Simons; Egon A. Ozer; Judd F. Hultquist; Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo; Anita K. Opdycke; Claudia Hawkins; Robert L. Murphy; Agha Mirza; Madison Conte; Nicholas Gallagher; Chun Huai Luo; Junko Jarrett; Abigail Conte; Ruifeng Zhou; Mireille Farjo; Gloria Rendon; Christopher J. Fields; Leyi Wang; Richard Fredrickson; Melinda E. Baughman; Karen K. Chiu; Hannah Choi; Kevin R. Scardina; Alyssa N. Owens; John Broach; Bruce Barton; Peter Lazar; Matthew L. Robinson; Heba H. Mostafa; Yukari C. Manabe; Andrew Pekosz; David D. McManus; Christopher B. Brooke

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac192

Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution

Ruian Ke, Pamela P. Martinez, Rebecca L. Smith, Laura L. Gibson, Chad J. Achenbach, Sally McFall, Chao Qi, Joshua Jacob, Etienne Dembele, Camille Bundy, Lacy M. Simons, Egon A. Ozer, Judd F. Hultquist, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Anita K. Opdycke, Claudia Hawkins, Robert L. Murphy, Agha Mirza, Madison Conte, Nicholas GallagherChun Huai Luo, Junko Jarrett, Abigail Conte, Ruifeng Zhou, Mireille Farjo, Gloria Rendon, Christopher J. Fields, Leyi Wang, Richard Fredrickson, Melinda E. Baughman, Karen K. Chiu, Hannah Choi, Kevin R. Scardina, Alyssa N. Owens, John Broach, Bruce Barton, Peter Lazar, Matthew L. Robinson, Heba H. Mostafa, Yukari C. Manabe, Andrew Pekosz, David D. McManus, Christopher B. Brooke^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

24 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The global effort to vaccinate people against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during an ongoing pandemic has raised questions about how vaccine breakthrough infections compare with infections in immunologically naive individuals and the potential for vaccinated individuals to transmit the virus. Methods: We examined viral dynamics and infectious virus shedding through daily longitudinal sampling in 23 adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 at varying stages of vaccination, including 6 fully vaccinated individuals. Results: The durations of both infectious virus shedding and symptoms were significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals. We also observed that breakthrough infections are associated with strong tissue compartmentalization and are only detectable in saliva in some cases. Conclusions: Vaccination shortens the duration of time of high transmission potential, minimizes symptom duration, and may restrict tissue dissemination.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	ofac192
Journal	Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Volume	9
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac192
State	Published - Jul 1 2022

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
breakthrough infections
vaccines
viral dynamics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Oncology
Infectious Diseases

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1093/ofid/ofac192

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Ke, R., Martinez, P. P., Smith, R. L., Gibson, L. L., Achenbach, C. J., McFall, S., Qi, C., Jacob, J., Dembele, E., Bundy, C., Simons, L. M., Ozer, E. A., Hultquist, J. F., Lorenzo-Redondo, R., Opdycke, A. K., Hawkins, C., Murphy, R. L., Mirza, A., Conte, M., ... Brooke, C. B. (2022). Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(7), Article ofac192. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac192

@article{7d7eb4daf6fd462e89ebff1d47aa18c4,

title = "Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution",

abstract = "Background: The global effort to vaccinate people against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during an ongoing pandemic has raised questions about how vaccine breakthrough infections compare with infections in immunologically naive individuals and the potential for vaccinated individuals to transmit the virus. Methods: We examined viral dynamics and infectious virus shedding through daily longitudinal sampling in 23 adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 at varying stages of vaccination, including 6 fully vaccinated individuals. Results: The durations of both infectious virus shedding and symptoms were significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals. We also observed that breakthrough infections are associated with strong tissue compartmentalization and are only detectable in saliva in some cases. Conclusions: Vaccination shortens the duration of time of high transmission potential, minimizes symptom duration, and may restrict tissue dissemination.",

keywords = "SARS-CoV-2, breakthrough infections, vaccines, viral dynamics",

author = "Ruian Ke and Martinez, {Pamela P.} and Smith, {Rebecca L.} and Gibson, {Laura L.} and Achenbach, {Chad J.} and Sally McFall and Chao Qi and Joshua Jacob and Etienne Dembele and Camille Bundy and Simons, {Lacy M.} and Ozer, {Egon A.} and Hultquist, {Judd F.} and Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo and Opdycke, {Anita K.} and Claudia Hawkins and Murphy, {Robert L.} and Agha Mirza and Madison Conte and Nicholas Gallagher and Luo, {Chun Huai} and Junko Jarrett and Abigail Conte and Ruifeng Zhou and Mireille Farjo and Gloria Rendon and Fields, {Christopher J.} and Leyi Wang and Richard Fredrickson and Baughman, {Melinda E.} and Chiu, {Karen K.} and Hannah Choi and Scardina, {Kevin R.} and Owens, {Alyssa N.} and John Broach and Bruce Barton and Peter Lazar and Robinson, {Matthew L.} and Mostafa, {Heba H.} and Manabe, {Yukari C.} and Andrew Pekosz and McManus, {David D.} and Brooke, {Christopher B.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.",

year = "2022",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/ofid/ofac192",

language = "English (US)",

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Ke, R, Martinez, PP, Smith, RL, Gibson, LL, Achenbach, CJ , McFall, S , Qi, C, Jacob, J, Dembele, E, Bundy, C, Simons, LM, Ozer, EA , Hultquist, JF , Lorenzo-Redondo, R, Opdycke, AK, Hawkins, C , Murphy, RL, Mirza, A, Conte, M, Gallagher, N, Luo, CH, Jarrett, J, Conte, A, Zhou, R, Farjo, M, Rendon, G, Fields, CJ, Wang, L, Fredrickson, R, Baughman, ME, Chiu, KK, Choi, H, Scardina, KR, Owens, AN, Broach, J, Barton, B, Lazar, P, Robinson, ML, Mostafa, HH, Manabe, YC, Pekosz, A, McManus, DD & Brooke, CB 2022, 'Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution', Open Forum Infectious Diseases, vol. 9, no. 7, ofac192. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac192

TY - JOUR

T1 - Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution

AU - Ke, Ruian

AU - Martinez, Pamela P.

AU - Smith, Rebecca L.

AU - Gibson, Laura L.

AU - Achenbach, Chad J.

AU - McFall, Sally

AU - Qi, Chao

AU - Jacob, Joshua

AU - Dembele, Etienne

AU - Bundy, Camille

AU - Simons, Lacy M.

AU - Ozer, Egon A.

AU - Hultquist, Judd F.

AU - Lorenzo-Redondo, Ramon

AU - Opdycke, Anita K.

AU - Hawkins, Claudia

AU - Murphy, Robert L.

AU - Mirza, Agha

AU - Conte, Madison

AU - Gallagher, Nicholas

AU - Luo, Chun Huai

AU - Jarrett, Junko

AU - Conte, Abigail

AU - Zhou, Ruifeng

AU - Farjo, Mireille

AU - Rendon, Gloria

AU - Fields, Christopher J.

AU - Wang, Leyi

AU - Fredrickson, Richard

AU - Baughman, Melinda E.

AU - Chiu, Karen K.

AU - Choi, Hannah

AU - Scardina, Kevin R.

AU - Owens, Alyssa N.

AU - Broach, John

AU - Barton, Bruce

AU - Lazar, Peter

AU - Robinson, Matthew L.

AU - Mostafa, Heba H.

AU - Manabe, Yukari C.

AU - Pekosz, Andrew

AU - McManus, David D.

AU - Brooke, Christopher B.

PY - 2022/7/1

Y1 - 2022/7/1

N2 - Background: The global effort to vaccinate people against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during an ongoing pandemic has raised questions about how vaccine breakthrough infections compare with infections in immunologically naive individuals and the potential for vaccinated individuals to transmit the virus. Methods: We examined viral dynamics and infectious virus shedding through daily longitudinal sampling in 23 adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 at varying stages of vaccination, including 6 fully vaccinated individuals. Results: The durations of both infectious virus shedding and symptoms were significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals. We also observed that breakthrough infections are associated with strong tissue compartmentalization and are only detectable in saliva in some cases. Conclusions: Vaccination shortens the duration of time of high transmission potential, minimizes symptom duration, and may restrict tissue dissemination.

AB - Background: The global effort to vaccinate people against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during an ongoing pandemic has raised questions about how vaccine breakthrough infections compare with infections in immunologically naive individuals and the potential for vaccinated individuals to transmit the virus. Methods: We examined viral dynamics and infectious virus shedding through daily longitudinal sampling in 23 adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 at varying stages of vaccination, including 6 fully vaccinated individuals. Results: The durations of both infectious virus shedding and symptoms were significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals. We also observed that breakthrough infections are associated with strong tissue compartmentalization and are only detectable in saliva in some cases. Conclusions: Vaccination shortens the duration of time of high transmission potential, minimizes symptom duration, and may restrict tissue dissemination.

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - breakthrough infections

KW - vaccines

KW - viral dynamics

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85135761828&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/ofid/ofac192

DO - 10.1093/ofid/ofac192

M3 - Article

C2 - 35791353

AN - SCOPUS:85135761828

SN - 2328-8957

VL - 9

JO - Open Forum Infectious Diseases

JF - Open Forum Infectious Diseases

IS - 7

M1 - ofac192

ER -

Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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