Lung Function in Young Adults Predicts Airflow Obstruction 20 Years Later

Ravi Kalhan, Alexander Arynchyn, Laura A. Colangelo, Mark T. Dransfield, Lynn B. Gerald, Lewis J. Smith*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

41 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: The burden of obstructive lung disease is increasing, yet there are limited data on its natural history in young adults. To determine in a prospective cohort of generally healthy young adults the influence of early adult lung function on the presence of airflow obstruction in middle age. Methods: A longitudinal study was performed of 2496 adults who were 18 to 30 years of age at entry, did not report having asthma, and returned at year 20. Airflow obstruction was defined as an forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio less than the lower limit of normal. Results: Airflow obstruction was present in 6.9% and 7.8% of participants at years 0 and 20, respectively. Less than 10% of participants with airflow obstruction self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In cross-sectional analyses, airflow obstruction was associated with less education, smoking, and self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Low forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio, and airflow obstruction in young adults were associated with low lung function and airflow obstruction 20 years later. Of those with airflow obstruction at year 0, 52% had airflow obstruction 20 years later. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity at year 0 was highly predictive of airflow obstruction 20 years later (c-statistic 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.93). The effect of cigarette smoking on lung function decline with age was most evident in young adults with preexisting airflow obstruction. Conclusion: Airflow obstruction is mostly unrecognized in young and middle-aged adults. Low forced expiratory volume in 1 second, low forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio, airflow obstruction in young adults, and smoking are highly predictive of low lung function and airflow obstruction in middle age.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)468.e1-468.e7
JournalAmerican journal of medicine
Volume123
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2010

Funding

Funding: Supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts N01-HC-48047 , N01-HC-48048 , N01-HC-48049 , N01-HC-48050 ( CARDIA field centers ), N01-HC-95095 ( CARDIA Coordinating Center ), and N01-HC045134 Reading Center ( CARDIA Pulmonary Reading Center ).

Keywords

  • Airflow obstruction
  • CARDIA
  • Chronic obstructive lung disease
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Natural history

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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