TY - JOUR
T1 - Male infertility
T2 - A public health issue caused by sexually transmitted pathogens
AU - Gimenes, Fabrícia
AU - Souza, Raquel P.
AU - Bento, Jaqueline C.
AU - Teixeira, Jorge J.V.
AU - Maria-Engler, Silvya S.
AU - Bonini, Marcelo G.
AU - Consolaro, Marcia E.L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
PY - 2014/12/11
Y1 - 2014/12/11
N2 - Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and protozoa, and can induce male infertility through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Additionally, horizontal transmission of STD pathogens to sexual partners or vertical transmission to fetuses and neonates is possible. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, HIV-1 and human cytomegalovirus have all been detected in semen from symptomatic and asymptomatic men with testicular, accessory gland and urethral infections. These pathogens are associated with poor sperm quality and decreased sperm concentration and motility. However, the effects of these STD agents on semen quality are unclear, as are the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma spp., Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis, because few studies have evaluated the influence of these pathogens on male infertility. Chronic or inadequately treated infections seem to be more relevant to infertility than acute infections are, although in many cases the exact aetiological agents remain unknown.
AB - Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and protozoa, and can induce male infertility through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Additionally, horizontal transmission of STD pathogens to sexual partners or vertical transmission to fetuses and neonates is possible. Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp., human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, HIV-1 and human cytomegalovirus have all been detected in semen from symptomatic and asymptomatic men with testicular, accessory gland and urethral infections. These pathogens are associated with poor sperm quality and decreased sperm concentration and motility. However, the effects of these STD agents on semen quality are unclear, as are the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma spp., Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis, because few studies have evaluated the influence of these pathogens on male infertility. Chronic or inadequately treated infections seem to be more relevant to infertility than acute infections are, although in many cases the exact aetiological agents remain unknown.
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U2 - 10.1038/nrurol.2014.285
DO - 10.1038/nrurol.2014.285
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25330794
AN - SCOPUS:84927572539
SN - 1759-4812
VL - 11
SP - 672
EP - 687
JO - Nature Reviews Urology
JF - Nature Reviews Urology
IS - 12
ER -
