Abstract
This paper describes how the ligand shell containing immunostimulatory oligonucleotides surrounding gold nanoparticles affects the in vitro activation of macrophages. Nanoconstructs with similar ligand densities but different oligonucleotide compositions (from 0% to 100% immune-active cytosine-phosphate-guanine, CpG) were compared. Maximum immunostimulation was achieved with CpG content as low as 5% (with total oligonucleotide surface coverage remaining constant), correlating to high levels of antitumor cytokine release and low levels of cancer-promoting ones. Independent of CpG content, gold nanoparticles with low oligonucleotide densities exhibit poor cellular uptake, leading to insignificant immunostimulation and cytokine release. By identifying effects of ligand shell composition on macrophage activation, we can inform the design rules of therapeutic nanoconstructs to achieve specific immune responses.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 2032-2037 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Bioconjugate Chemistry |
Volume | 30 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 17 2019 |
Funding
The scientific work reported in this article has been supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U54CA199091 (R.M.P., C.A.M, A.L., T.W.O.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. L.E.C. acknowledges support from Northwestern University’s Cancer Nanotechnology Training Program Award T32CA186897. A.L. and C.A.M. acknowledge support from the Prostate Cancer Foundation and the Movember Foundation under award 17CHAL08. Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed at the High Throughput Analysis Laboratory. Quantification of gold was conducted at the Northwestern University Quantitative Bioelemental Imaging Center generously supported by NASA Ames Research Center NNA06CB93G.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Bioengineering
- Biotechnology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Pharmacology
- Pharmaceutical Science
- Organic Chemistry