Massively parallel dip-pen nanolithography with 55 000-pen two-dimensional arrays

(Figure Presented) Lots of writing on the wall: A simple and flexible approach for performing high-throughput, large-area, direct-write molecular patterning, without tip feedback, is demonstrated by using a 55 000-pen two-dimensional array of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers. The use of low-aspect-ratio pyramidal tips, curved cantilevers, and a novel gravity-driven alignment method allows parallel patterning of molecules across 1-cm² substrate areas at sub-100-nm resolution.