TY - JOUR
T1 - Matching the Activity of Homogeneous Sulfonic Acids
T2 - The Fructose-to-HMF Conversion Catalyzed by Hierarchically Porous Sulfonic-Acid-Functionalized Porous Organic Polymer (POP) Catalysts
AU - Du, Matthew
AU - Agrawal, Ananya M.
AU - Chakraborty, Sanjiban
AU - Garibay, Sergio J.
AU - Limvorapitux, Rungmai
AU - Choi, Baikleem
AU - Madrahimov, Sherzod T.
AU - Nguyen, Sonbinh T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This material is based upon work supported as part of the Institute for Atom-efficient Chemical Transformations (IACT), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. S.T.N. acknowledges additional support from DTRA (HDTRA1-14-1-0014). M.D. and A.M.A. thank Northwestern University for summer and academic-year research grants. R.L. was partially supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy through a grant (DE FG02-03ER15457) to the Institute of Catalysis for Energy Processes (ICEP) at Northwestern University (assistantship for R.L.). This work made use of the Clean Catalysis Facility of Northwestern University Center for Catalysis and Surface Science. Experimental facilities at the Integrated Molecular Structure Education and Research Center (IMSERC) at Northwestern University are supported by the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN, partially supported by the NSF NSEC program, NSF EEC-0647560), the Keck Foundation, and the State of Illinois (through the IIN). ICP-OES analyses were carried out at the Quantitative Bioelement imaging center (QBIC) at NU. We thank Professors Joseph T. Hupp, Omar K. Farha, and Mercouri Kanatzidis for the use of the adsorption instruments.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/5/6
Y1 - 2019/5/6
N2 - Three HO 3 S-functionalized porous organic polymers (HO 3 S-POPs) with high surface areas (500-700 m 2 /g) and a broad range of porosity profiles were synthesized and tested against homogeneous-acid analogs and commercially available acid resins to evaluate their relative catalytic activities in the acid-catalyzed conversion of fructose to HMF. Comparison of fructose conversions and HMF yields demonstrates that the sulfonated POPs with hierarchical porosity can achieve catalytic activities that rival those of their homogeneous counterparts. The associated HMF selectivities represent optimized values that increase with higher temperature and faster heating, both of which can reduce the reaction time and limit product decomposition. Due to their intrinsically high mesoporosity and number of accessible acid sites, these HO 3 S-POPs also outperform the commercially available Amberlyst 15 resin catalyst and its crushed variant.
AB - Three HO 3 S-functionalized porous organic polymers (HO 3 S-POPs) with high surface areas (500-700 m 2 /g) and a broad range of porosity profiles were synthesized and tested against homogeneous-acid analogs and commercially available acid resins to evaluate their relative catalytic activities in the acid-catalyzed conversion of fructose to HMF. Comparison of fructose conversions and HMF yields demonstrates that the sulfonated POPs with hierarchical porosity can achieve catalytic activities that rival those of their homogeneous counterparts. The associated HMF selectivities represent optimized values that increase with higher temperature and faster heating, both of which can reduce the reaction time and limit product decomposition. Due to their intrinsically high mesoporosity and number of accessible acid sites, these HO 3 S-POPs also outperform the commercially available Amberlyst 15 resin catalyst and its crushed variant.
KW - 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
KW - Biomass
KW - Fructose
KW - Hierarchical porosity
KW - Porous organic polymers
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85065075432&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85065075432&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05720
DO - 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05720
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85065075432
SN - 2168-0485
VL - 7
SP - 8126
EP - 8135
JO - ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
JF - ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
IS - 9
ER -
