Mechanical behavior of chemically grouted sand

Grouted sand is considered as a two-phase particulate composite in which both the cohesive and adhesive properties of the grout and the particle-to-particle interaction of the sand are considered to contribute toward the overall macro-response (strength, failure strain, stiffness, and failure modes) under tensile, shear, and compressive loadings. Adhesion tests were used to evaluate the interface bond under tensile, shear, and mixed mode loadings, and inclusion models were used to study failure mechanisms and how they affect the stress-strain relationship. The bond strength can be represented by a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, and the failure of grout and grouted sand can be approximated by a Drucker-Prager criterion. A theory has been proposed to explain the behavior of grouted sand, and tensile strength and stiffness models were developed to predict the properties of the grouted sand from the properties of the constituents.