TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms and biomarkers of inflammatory endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps
AU - Klingler, Aiko I.
AU - Stevens, Whitney W.
AU - Tan, Bruce K.
AU - Peters, Anju T.
AU - Poposki, Julie A.
AU - Grammer, Leslie C.
AU - Welch, Kevin C.
AU - Smith, Stephanie S.
AU - Conley, David B.
AU - Kern, Robert C.
AU - Schleimer, Robert P.
AU - Kato, Atsushi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a common disease that is characterized by multiple inflammatory endotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms in CRSsNP are poorly understood compared with those of polypoid CRS. Objective: Our aim was to identify mechanisms and biomarkers associated with inflammatory endotypes underpinning CRSsNP. Methods: Ethmoid tissues and nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) were obtained from control patients and patients with CRS. The gene expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, and expression of proteins was measured by ELISA and Luminex analysis. Results: Microarray found that compared with their levels of expression in control tissue, the levels of expression of 126, 241, and 545 genes were more than 3-fold and significantly elevated in CRSsNP with type 1 (T1) endotype, type 2 (T2) endotype, and type 3 (T3) endotype, respectively. Selected identified genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that T1 CRSsNP was associated with IFN-γ signaling and antiviral immunity controlled by T cells (TH1 and CD8+), natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells; T2 CRSsNP was associated with STAT6 signaling and IgE-mediated activation controlled by eosinophils, mast cells, TH2 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, and antigen-presenting cells; and T3 CRSsNP was associated with IL-17 signaling, acute inflammatory response, complement-mediated inflammation, and infection controlled by neutrophils, TH17 cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells. The results suggest that T1 (CXCL9 and CXCL10), T2 (eosinophilic proteins and CCL26), and T3 (CSF3) endotypic biomarkers in NLF may be able to distinguish tissue endotypes in CRSsNP. Conclusions: Inflammatory endotypes in CRSsNP were controlled by different molecular mechanisms. NLF biomarker assays may allow for more precise and personalized medical treatments in CRS.
AB - Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a common disease that is characterized by multiple inflammatory endotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms in CRSsNP are poorly understood compared with those of polypoid CRS. Objective: Our aim was to identify mechanisms and biomarkers associated with inflammatory endotypes underpinning CRSsNP. Methods: Ethmoid tissues and nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) were obtained from control patients and patients with CRS. The gene expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, and expression of proteins was measured by ELISA and Luminex analysis. Results: Microarray found that compared with their levels of expression in control tissue, the levels of expression of 126, 241, and 545 genes were more than 3-fold and significantly elevated in CRSsNP with type 1 (T1) endotype, type 2 (T2) endotype, and type 3 (T3) endotype, respectively. Selected identified genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that T1 CRSsNP was associated with IFN-γ signaling and antiviral immunity controlled by T cells (TH1 and CD8+), natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells; T2 CRSsNP was associated with STAT6 signaling and IgE-mediated activation controlled by eosinophils, mast cells, TH2 cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells, and antigen-presenting cells; and T3 CRSsNP was associated with IL-17 signaling, acute inflammatory response, complement-mediated inflammation, and infection controlled by neutrophils, TH17 cells, B cells, and antigen-presenting cells. The results suggest that T1 (CXCL9 and CXCL10), T2 (eosinophilic proteins and CCL26), and T3 (CSF3) endotypic biomarkers in NLF may be able to distinguish tissue endotypes in CRSsNP. Conclusions: Inflammatory endotypes in CRSsNP were controlled by different molecular mechanisms. NLF biomarker assays may allow for more precise and personalized medical treatments in CRS.
KW - Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps
KW - biomarker
KW - endotype
KW - transcriptome
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.037
DO - 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.037
M3 - Article
C2 - 33326802
AN - SCOPUS:85099619559
SN - 0091-6749
VL - 147
SP - 1306
EP - 1317
JO - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
IS - 4
ER -