Mechanisms of angioplasty in hemodialysis fistula stenoses evaluated by intravascular ultrasound

Charles J. Davidson*, Glenn E. Newman, Khalid H. Sheikh, Katherine Kisslo, Richard S. Stack, Steve J. Schwab

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

57 Scopus citations

Abstract

Mechanisms of angioplasty in hemodialysis fistula stenoses evaluated by travascular ultrasound. Quantification of luminal dimensions and the mechanisms by which angioplasty (PTA) corrects non-atheroma venous stula stenoses have been poorly studied. In 38 consecutive percutaeous balloon angioplasties of hemodialysis fistula stenoses, catheterbased, mechanically-rotated intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images were obtained along with cineangiography. Images from 24 brachial vein, 11 central vein, 2 graft anastomoses, and 1 brachial artery were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Semiautomated quantitative angiographic stenosis was 64 ± 13% pre-PTA and reduced to 36 ± 19% post-PTA (P < 0.001). Post-PTA IVUS minimal lesion diameter and cross sectional area were 5.7 ± 1.5 mm and 2.9 ± 1.5 mm2, respectively. With IVUS, mechanisms observed were: vessel dissection in 16 42%), arterial stretch (defined as vessel diameter : balloon diameter raotio = 0.75 to 1.0) in 19 (50%), and elastic recoil (defined as vessel diameter : balloon diameter ratio < 0.75) in 19 (50%). Compared to angiography, morphologic information provided by IVUS were plaque composition (hard 11%, soft 89%), plaque topography (eccentric 94%, concentric 6%), thrombus (IVUS: N = 6 vs. angio: N = 1), dissection IVUS: N = 16 vs. angio: N = 1). Thus, IVUS can evaluate lesion morphology and define luminal dimensions after angioplasty. Mechamisms of successful angioplasty of hemodialysis fistula stenosis occur primarily by vessel stretching and dissection, and significant post-PTA narrowing is due to elastic recoil.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)91-95
Number of pages5
JournalKidney international
Volume40
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1991

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Nephrology

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