Media influences on self-harm, suicidality, and suicide

The influence of media on self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, including self-harm and suicide, has received attention for decades. Research reveals mixed evidence on the relationship between media and self-harm and suicide. This is likely because media narratives differ, as do contemporary media formats, and the ways audience members consume and interact with media content and one another. This chapter summarizes what we currently know and do not yet know about the relationships between self-harm and suicide and (1) mass media coverage, (2) social media, and (3) video games. For mass media, evidence is strongest for the influence of media reports of celebrity suicides on subsequent suicide attempts. The effects of fictional suicide narratives have produced mixed results. Evidence regarding the influence of social media and video games often depends on the types of interactions people have and the content consumed. Most research is cross-sectional or correlational, limiting causal inference. Media platforms may also offer unprecedented opportunities to extend prevention efforts and support and educate young people. Effective strategies to reduce media harms, while enhancing their benefits, are critical. Based on existing evidence, we describe future research needs and make recommendations for youths, parents, schools, clinicians, media, and policymakers.