Micromechanical response of mineral and collagen phases in bone

J. D. Almer; Stuart R Stock

doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2006.09.001

Micromechanical response of mineral and collagen phases in bone

J. D. Almer, Stuart R Stock^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Cell & Developmental Biology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

110 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the first simultaneous quantification of Young's modulus in the separate material phases of bone: collagen and carbonated hydroxyapatite. High-energy X-ray scattering and in situ loading revealed macroscopic, mineral, and collagen Young's moduli (90% confidence limit) for a canine fibula equaled 24.7(0.2) GPa, 38.2(0.5) GPa {for 00.4 and 43.6(1.4) GPa for 22.2}, and 18(1.2) GPa, respectively. The mineral contained compressive residual stresses on the order of -60 to -80 MPa before loading and had a stress enhancement (ratio of internal to applied stress) between 2.0 and 2.3. The diffraction peak width increased with increasing applied stress, mainly along the bone's longitudinal direction, and peak widths returned to pre-deformation values when load was removed. In a second fibula section from the same animal, the mineral's internal stress changed from -50 MPa (22.2 reflection) to -75 MPa (00.4) just after removal from formalin to -10 MPa after eight hours immersion in phosphate-buffered saline; the corresponding change in collagen D-spacing ΔD/D equaled 4.2 × 10^-3.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	365-370
Number of pages	6
Journal	Journal of Structural Biology
Volume	157
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2006.09.001
State	Published - Feb 2007

Funding

We thank Prof. Rick Sumner and members of his laboratory at Rush College of Medicine, Chicago, for providing the bone specimens and Ms. Joshlean Fair for help preparing the specimens for in situ deformation. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Use of the Northwestern University MicroCT Facility’s Scanco MicroCT-40 is also acknowledged.

Keywords

Bone
High-energy X-ray scattering
Strain
Stress
Synchrotron X-radiation
Young's modulus

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Structural Biology

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10.1016/j.jsb.2006.09.001

Cite this

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title = "Micromechanical response of mineral and collagen phases in bone",

abstract = "We report the first simultaneous quantification of Young's modulus in the separate material phases of bone: collagen and carbonated hydroxyapatite. High-energy X-ray scattering and in situ loading revealed macroscopic, mineral, and collagen Young's moduli (90% confidence limit) for a canine fibula equaled 24.7(0.2) GPa, 38.2(0.5) GPa {for 00.4 and 43.6(1.4) GPa for 22.2}, and 18(1.2) GPa, respectively. The mineral contained compressive residual stresses on the order of -60 to -80 MPa before loading and had a stress enhancement (ratio of internal to applied stress) between 2.0 and 2.3. The diffraction peak width increased with increasing applied stress, mainly along the bone's longitudinal direction, and peak widths returned to pre-deformation values when load was removed. In a second fibula section from the same animal, the mineral's internal stress changed from -50 MPa (22.2 reflection) to -75 MPa (00.4) just after removal from formalin to -10 MPa after eight hours immersion in phosphate-buffered saline; the corresponding change in collagen D-spacing ΔD/D equaled 4.2 × 10-3.",

keywords = "Bone, High-energy X-ray scattering, Strain, Stress, Synchrotron X-radiation, Young's modulus",

author = "Almer, {J. D.} and Stock, {Stuart R}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Prof. Rick Sumner and members of his laboratory at Rush College of Medicine, Chicago, for providing the bone specimens and Ms. Joshlean Fair for help preparing the specimens for in situ deformation. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Use of the Northwestern University MicroCT Facility{\textquoteright}s Scanco MicroCT-40 is also acknowledged. ",

year = "2007",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jsb.2006.09.001",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "157",

pages = "365--370",

journal = "Journal of Structural Biology",

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AU - Almer, J. D.

AU - Stock, Stuart R

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Prof. Rick Sumner and members of his laboratory at Rush College of Medicine, Chicago, for providing the bone specimens and Ms. Joshlean Fair for help preparing the specimens for in situ deformation. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Use of the Northwestern University MicroCT Facility’s Scanco MicroCT-40 is also acknowledged.

PY - 2007/2

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N2 - We report the first simultaneous quantification of Young's modulus in the separate material phases of bone: collagen and carbonated hydroxyapatite. High-energy X-ray scattering and in situ loading revealed macroscopic, mineral, and collagen Young's moduli (90% confidence limit) for a canine fibula equaled 24.7(0.2) GPa, 38.2(0.5) GPa {for 00.4 and 43.6(1.4) GPa for 22.2}, and 18(1.2) GPa, respectively. The mineral contained compressive residual stresses on the order of -60 to -80 MPa before loading and had a stress enhancement (ratio of internal to applied stress) between 2.0 and 2.3. The diffraction peak width increased with increasing applied stress, mainly along the bone's longitudinal direction, and peak widths returned to pre-deformation values when load was removed. In a second fibula section from the same animal, the mineral's internal stress changed from -50 MPa (22.2 reflection) to -75 MPa (00.4) just after removal from formalin to -10 MPa after eight hours immersion in phosphate-buffered saline; the corresponding change in collagen D-spacing ΔD/D equaled 4.2 × 10-3.

AB - We report the first simultaneous quantification of Young's modulus in the separate material phases of bone: collagen and carbonated hydroxyapatite. High-energy X-ray scattering and in situ loading revealed macroscopic, mineral, and collagen Young's moduli (90% confidence limit) for a canine fibula equaled 24.7(0.2) GPa, 38.2(0.5) GPa {for 00.4 and 43.6(1.4) GPa for 22.2}, and 18(1.2) GPa, respectively. The mineral contained compressive residual stresses on the order of -60 to -80 MPa before loading and had a stress enhancement (ratio of internal to applied stress) between 2.0 and 2.3. The diffraction peak width increased with increasing applied stress, mainly along the bone's longitudinal direction, and peak widths returned to pre-deformation values when load was removed. In a second fibula section from the same animal, the mineral's internal stress changed from -50 MPa (22.2 reflection) to -75 MPa (00.4) just after removal from formalin to -10 MPa after eight hours immersion in phosphate-buffered saline; the corresponding change in collagen D-spacing ΔD/D equaled 4.2 × 10-3.

KW - Bone

KW - High-energy X-ray scattering

KW - Strain

KW - Stress

KW - Synchrotron X-radiation

KW - Young's modulus

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ER -

Micromechanical response of mineral and collagen phases in bone

Abstract

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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