Abstract
Slurry based electrodes have shown promise as an energy dense and scalable storage technology for electrochemical flow batteries. Key to their efficient operation is the use of a conductive additive which allows for volumetric charging and discharging of the electrochemically active species contained within the electrodes. Carbon black is commonly used for this purpose due to the relatively low concentrations needed to maintain electrical percolation. While carbon black supplies the desirable electrical properties for the application, it contributes detrimentally to the rheology characteristics of these concentrated suspensions. In this work, we develop a synthesis protocol to produce inorganic oxide particles with electrostatically adsorbed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Using a combination of small angle neutron scattering (SANS), electron microscopy, and thin-film conductivity, we show that the synthesis scheme provides a flexible platform to form conductive PEDOT:PSS-SiO2 nanoparticle dispersions. Based on these measurements, we demonstrate that these particles are stable when dispersed in propylene carbonate. Using a combination of rheology and dielectric spectroscopy, we show that these stable dispersions facilitate electrical percolation at concentrations below their mechanical percolation threshold, and this percolation is maintained under flow. These results demonstrate the potential for strategies which seek to decouple mechanical and electrical percolation to allow for the development of higher performance conductive additives for slurry based flow batteries.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 24089-24096 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces |
Volume | 8 |
Issue number | 36 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 14 2016 |
Funding
The authors would like to acknowledge the NIST Center for Neutron Research CNS cooperative agreement number #70NANB12H239 grant for partial funding during this time period as well as the National Research Council for support. A.S. acknowledges partial funding support from the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-1508249.
Keywords
- composite
- flow battery
- nanoparticle
- rheology
- small angle neutron scattering
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Materials Science