Modulation of amygdala reactivity following rapidly acting interventions for major depression

Joana R.A. Loureiro, Amber Leaver, Megha Vasavada, Ashish K. Sahib, Antoni Kubicki, Shantanu Joshi, Roger P. Woods, Benjamin Wade, Eliza Congdon, Randall Espinoza, Katherine L. Narr*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

49 Scopus citations

Abstract

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine treatment both induce rapidly acting antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder unresponsive to standard treatments, yet their specific impact on emotion processing is unknown. Here, we examined the neural underpinnings of emotion processing within and across patients (N = 44) receiving either ECT (N = 17, mean age: 36.8, 11.0 SD) or repeated subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) intravenous ketamine therapy (N = 27, mean age: 37.3, 10.8 SD) using a naturalistic study design. MRI and clinical data were collected before (TP1) and after treatment (TP2); healthy controls (N = 31, mean age: 34.5, 13.5 SD) completed one MRI session (TP1). An fMRI face-matching task probed negative- and positive-valence systems. Whole-brain analysis, comparing neurofunctional changes within and across treatment groups, targeted brain regions involved in emotional facial processing, and included regions-of-interest analysis of amygdala responsivity. Main findings revealed a decrease in amygdalar reactivity after both ECT and ketamine for positive and negative emotional face processing (p <.05 family wise-error (FWE) corrected). Subthreshold changes were observed between treatments within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and insula (p <.005, uncorrected). BOLD change for positive faces in the inferior parietal cortex significantly correlated with overall symptom improvement, and BOLD change in frontal regions correlated with anxiety for negative faces, and anhedonia for positive faces (p <.05 FWE corrected). Both serial ketamine and ECT treatment modulate amygdala response, while more subtle treatment-specific changes occur in the larger functional network. Findings point to both common and differential mechanistic upstream systems-level effects relating to fast-acting antidepressant response, and symptoms of anxiety and anhedonia, for the processing of emotionally valenced stimuli.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1699-1710
Number of pages12
JournalHuman Brain Mapping
Volume41
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1 2020

Funding

This work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (Grant Nos. MH110008 [to K.L.N. and R.E.], and MH102743 [to K.L.N.], and the Muriel Harris Chair in Geriatric Psychiatry [to R.E.]). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Keywords

  • ECT
  • MDD
  • amygdala
  • emotion processing
  • ketamine
  • tfMRI

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Anatomy
  • Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Neurology

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