Abstract
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 486-541 |
Number of pages | 56 |
Journal | Cell Death and Differentiation |
Volume | 25 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 1 2018 |
Funding
Acknowledgements We are indebted with Dr. Avi Ashkenazi (Gen-entech Inc.) for his constructive suggestions. We apologize to the authors of several high-quality articles dealing with mechanistic or pathophysiological aspects of cell death that we were not able to properly discuss. L.G. is supported by an intramural startup from the Department of Radiation Oncology of Weill Cornell Medical College (New York, US), and by Sotio a.c. (Prague, Czech Republic). I.V. is supported by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC, IG 2017 grant number 20417), Ministero Italiano della Salute (grant number RF_GR-2011-02351355), Ministero Italiano dell\u2019Is-truzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00E0 e della Ricerca (MIUR, Programma per i Giovani Ricercatori \u201CRita Levi Montalcini\u201D 2010). G.K. is supported by the French Ligue contre le Cancer (\u00E9quipe labellis\u00E9e); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)\u2014Projets blancs; ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Canc\u00E9rop\u00F4le Ile-de-France; Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Institut Universitaire de France; Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00E9dicale (FRM); the European Commission (ArtForce); the European Research Council (ERC); the LeDucq Foundation; the LabEx Immuno-Oncology; the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM); and the Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI). We are indebted with Dr. Avi Ashkenazi (Genentech Inc.) for his constructive suggestions. We apologize to the authors of several high-quality articles dealing with mechanistic or pathophysiological aspects of cell death that we were not able to properly discuss. L.G. is supported by an intramural startup from the Department of Radiation Oncology of Weill Cornell Medical College (New York, US), and by Sotio a.c. (Prague, Czech Republic). I.V. is supported by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC, IG 2017 grant number 20417), Ministero Italiano della Salute (grant number RF-GR-2011-02351355), Ministero Italiano dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit? e della Ricerca (MIUR, Programma per i Giovani Ricercatori \"Rita Levi Montalcini\" 2010). G.K. is supported by the French Ligue contre le Cancer (?quipe labellis?e); Agence National de la Recherche (ANR)-Projets blancs; ANR under the frame of E-Rare-2, the ERA-Net for Research on Rare Diseases; Association pour la recherche sur le cancer (ARC); Canc?rop?le Ilede- France; Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Institut Universitaire de France; Fondation pour la Recherche M?dicale (FRM); the European Commission (ArtForce); the European Research Council (ERC); the LeDucq Foundation; the LabEx Immuno-Oncology; the SIRIC Stratified Oncology Cell DNA Repair and Tumor Immune Elimination (SOCRATE); the SIRIC Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine (CARPEM); and the Paris Alliance of Cancer Research Institutes (PACRI).
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology