Multi-patch Isogeometric convolution hierarchical deep-learning neural network

A seamless integration of neural networks with Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) was first introduced in [1] under the name of Hierarchical Deep-learning Neural Network (HiDeNN) and has systematically evolved into Isogeometric Convolution HiDeNN (in short, C-IGA) [2]. C-IGA achieves higher order approximations without increasing the degree of freedom. Due to the Kronecker delta property of C-IGA shape functions, one can refine the mesh in the physical domain like standard finite element method (FEM) while maintaining the exact geometrical mapping of IGA. In this article, C-IGA theory is generalized for multi-CAD-patch systems with a mathematical investigation of the compatibility conditions at patch interfaces and convergence of error estimates. Two compatibility conditions (nodal compatibility and G⁰ (i.e., global C⁰) compatibility) are presented and validated through numerical examples.