Multichannel Interdiffusion Driven FASnI3 Film Formation Using Aqueous Hybrid Salt/Polymer Solutions toward Flexible Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Jun Xi; Zhaoxin Wu; Bo Jiao; Hua Dong; Chenxin Ran; Chengcheng Piao; Ting Lei; Tze Bin Song; Weijun Ke; Takamichi Yokoyama; Xun Hou; Mercouri G. Kanatzidis

doi:10.1002/adma.201606964

Multichannel Interdiffusion Driven FASnI₃ Film Formation Using Aqueous Hybrid Salt/Polymer Solutions toward Flexible Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Jun Xi, Zhaoxin Wu^*, Bo Jiao, Hua Dong, Chenxin Ran, Chengcheng Piao, Ting Lei, Tze Bin Song, Weijun Ke, Takamichi Yokoyama, Xun Hou, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis

^*Corresponding author for this work

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

134 Scopus citations

Abstract

Tin (Sn)-based perovskites are increasingly attractive because they offer lead-free alternatives in perovskite solar cells. However, depositing high-quality Sn-based perovskite films is still a challenge, particularly for low-temperature planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices. Here, a “multichannel interdiffusion” protocol is demonstrated by annealing stacked layers of aqueous solution deposited formamidinium iodide (FAI)/polymer layer followed with an evaporated SnI₂ layer to create uniform FASnI₃ films. In this protocol, tiny FAI crystals, significantly inhibited by the introduced polymer, can offer multiple interdiffusion pathways for complete reaction with SnI₂. What is more, water, rather than traditional aprotic organic solvents, is used to dissolve the precursors. The best-performing FASnI₃ PHJ solar cell assembled by this protocol exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.98%. In addition, a flexible FASnI₃-based flexible solar cell assembled on a polyethylene naphthalate–indium tin oxide flexible substrate with a PCE of 3.12% is demonstrated. This novel interdiffusion process can help to further boost the performance of lead-free Sn-based perovskites.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1606964
Journal	Advanced Materials
Volume	29
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606964
State	Published - Jun 20 2017

Funding

J.X. and Z.W. contributed equally to this work. The authors thank the financial support from the Basic Research Program of China (2013CB328705, method development, device assembly), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574248,61275034), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20130201110065), the International Cooperation by Shaanxi (Grant No. 2015KW-008), the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2016JM6072), and the China Scholarship Council. This work was supported in part by the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001059 (solar absorber material synthesis and solar cell characterization). The SEM work was performed at the International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. The authors also thank Ma for his help in using SEM.

Keywords

aqueous hybrid solutions
crystallization inhibitor
flexible devices
formamidinium tin iodide
multichannel interdiffusion

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering
General Materials Science

Access to Document

10.1002/adma.201606964

Cite this

Xi, J., Wu, Z., Jiao, B., Dong, H., Ran, C., Piao, C., Lei, T., Song, T. B., Ke, W., Yokoyama, T., Hou, X., & Kanatzidis, M. G. (2017). Multichannel Interdiffusion Driven FASnI₃ Film Formation Using Aqueous Hybrid Salt/Polymer Solutions toward Flexible Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. Advanced Materials, 29(23), Article 1606964. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606964

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