TY - JOUR
T1 - Multichannel Interdiffusion Driven FASnI3 Film Formation Using Aqueous Hybrid Salt/Polymer Solutions toward Flexible Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells
AU - Xi, Jun
AU - Wu, Zhaoxin
AU - Jiao, Bo
AU - Dong, Hua
AU - Ran, Chenxin
AU - Piao, Chengcheng
AU - Lei, Ting
AU - Song, Tze Bin
AU - Ke, Weijun
AU - Yokoyama, Takamichi
AU - Hou, Xun
AU - Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
N1 - Funding Information:
J.X. and Z.W. contributed equally to this work. The authors thank the financial support from the Basic Research Program of China (2013CB328705, method development, device assembly), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574248,61275034), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20130201110065), the International Cooperation by Shaanxi (Grant No. 2015KW-008), the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2016JM6072), and the China Scholarship Council. This work was supported in part by the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001059 (solar absorber material synthesis and solar cell characterization). The SEM work was performed at the International Center for Dielectric Research (ICDR), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. The authors also thank Ma for his help in using SEM.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
PY - 2017/6/20
Y1 - 2017/6/20
N2 - Tin (Sn)-based perovskites are increasingly attractive because they offer lead-free alternatives in perovskite solar cells. However, depositing high-quality Sn-based perovskite films is still a challenge, particularly for low-temperature planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices. Here, a “multichannel interdiffusion” protocol is demonstrated by annealing stacked layers of aqueous solution deposited formamidinium iodide (FAI)/polymer layer followed with an evaporated SnI2 layer to create uniform FASnI3 films. In this protocol, tiny FAI crystals, significantly inhibited by the introduced polymer, can offer multiple interdiffusion pathways for complete reaction with SnI2. What is more, water, rather than traditional aprotic organic solvents, is used to dissolve the precursors. The best-performing FASnI3 PHJ solar cell assembled by this protocol exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.98%. In addition, a flexible FASnI3-based flexible solar cell assembled on a polyethylene naphthalate–indium tin oxide flexible substrate with a PCE of 3.12% is demonstrated. This novel interdiffusion process can help to further boost the performance of lead-free Sn-based perovskites.
AB - Tin (Sn)-based perovskites are increasingly attractive because they offer lead-free alternatives in perovskite solar cells. However, depositing high-quality Sn-based perovskite films is still a challenge, particularly for low-temperature planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices. Here, a “multichannel interdiffusion” protocol is demonstrated by annealing stacked layers of aqueous solution deposited formamidinium iodide (FAI)/polymer layer followed with an evaporated SnI2 layer to create uniform FASnI3 films. In this protocol, tiny FAI crystals, significantly inhibited by the introduced polymer, can offer multiple interdiffusion pathways for complete reaction with SnI2. What is more, water, rather than traditional aprotic organic solvents, is used to dissolve the precursors. The best-performing FASnI3 PHJ solar cell assembled by this protocol exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.98%. In addition, a flexible FASnI3-based flexible solar cell assembled on a polyethylene naphthalate–indium tin oxide flexible substrate with a PCE of 3.12% is demonstrated. This novel interdiffusion process can help to further boost the performance of lead-free Sn-based perovskites.
KW - aqueous hybrid solutions
KW - crystallization inhibitor
KW - flexible devices
KW - formamidinium tin iodide
KW - multichannel interdiffusion
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U2 - 10.1002/adma.201606964
DO - 10.1002/adma.201606964
M3 - Article
C2 - 28397337
AN - SCOPUS:85017456409
SN - 0935-9648
VL - 29
JO - Advanced Materials
JF - Advanced Materials
IS - 23
M1 - 1606964
ER -