Abstract
The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene is involved in numerous chromosomal translocations that result in acute myeloid and acute lymphoid leukemias. The MLL protein belongs to a family of six methyltransferases in mammals that can methylate histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4). The methyltransferase activities of MLL and the other family members, SETD1A, SETD1B, MLL2, MLL3 and MLL4, depend on their participation within macromolecular complexes called COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1). Functional diversity within the COMPASS family includes the propensity to mono-, di-, or trimethylate H3K4 and to regulate promoters or enhancers. Recent cancer genome sequencing and animal studies have identified MLL3 and MLL4 as cancer drivers in a wide variety of hematologic and solid tumors. MLL3 and MLL4 implement monomethylation of H3K4 at enhancer regions, whereas another enzyme in MLL3 and MLL4 COMPASS, UTX, which is also frequently mutated in multiple types of cancer, demethylates H3K27me3, a modification associated with transcription repression by the Polycomb group of proteins. Here, we review the different roles for the COMPASS family in cancer and suggest directions for future research toward elucidating the cellular pathways disregulated due to altered COMPASS functions.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 425-446 |
Number of pages | 22 |
Journal | Annual Review of Cancer Biology |
Volume | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2017 |
Funding
We are grateful to Dr. Edwin Smith for helpful discussions, critical reading of this manuscript, and valuable comments. We also want to thank M. Miller for preparation of the figures and L. Shilatifard for editorial assistance. Studies in the Shilatifard laboratory are supported by the National Institutes of Health (R35CA197569).
Keywords
- Enhancer
- Histone modification
- Mixed-lineage leukemia
- Transcription elongation
- Tumor suppressor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Cell Biology
- Cancer Research