Multiscale, Hierarchical Patterning of Graphene by Conformal Wrinkling

Won Kyu Lee; Junmo Kang; Kan Sheng Chen; Clifford J. Engel; Woo Bin Jung; Dongjoon Rhee; Mark C. Hersam; Teri W. Odom

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03415

Multiscale, Hierarchical Patterning of Graphene by Conformal Wrinkling

Won Kyu Lee, Junmo Kang, Kan Sheng Chen, Clifford J. Engel, Woo Bin Jung, Dongjoon Rhee, Mark C. Hersam^*, Teri W. Odom

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

86 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper describes how delamination-free, hierarchical patterning of graphene can be achieved on prestrained thermoplastic sheets by surface wrinkling. Conformal contact between graphene and the substrate during strain relief was maintained by the presence of a soft skin layer, resulting in the uniform patterning of three-dimensional wrinkles over large areas (>cm²). The graphene wrinkle wavelength was tuned from the microscale to the nanoscale by controlling the thickness of the skin layer with 1 nm accuracy to realize a degree of control not possible by crumpling, which relies on delamination. Hierarchical patterning of the skin layers with varying thicknesses enabled multiscale graphene wrinkles with predetermined orientations to be formed. Significantly, hierarchical graphene wrinkles exhibited tunable mechanical stiffness at the nanoscale without compromising the macroscale electrical conductivity.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	7121-7127
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nano letters
Volume	16
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03415
State	Published - Nov 9 2016

Keywords

Graphene
conductive atomic force microscopy
hierarchical patterning
polystyrene
texturing
wrinkles

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Bioengineering
Chemistry(all)
Materials Science(all)
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanical Engineering

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10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03415

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title = "Multiscale, Hierarchical Patterning of Graphene by Conformal Wrinkling",

abstract = "This paper describes how delamination-free, hierarchical patterning of graphene can be achieved on prestrained thermoplastic sheets by surface wrinkling. Conformal contact between graphene and the substrate during strain relief was maintained by the presence of a soft skin layer, resulting in the uniform patterning of three-dimensional wrinkles over large areas (>cm2). The graphene wrinkle wavelength was tuned from the microscale to the nanoscale by controlling the thickness of the skin layer with 1 nm accuracy to realize a degree of control not possible by crumpling, which relies on delamination. Hierarchical patterning of the skin layers with varying thicknesses enabled multiscale graphene wrinkles with predetermined orientations to be formed. Significantly, hierarchical graphene wrinkles exhibited tunable mechanical stiffness at the nanoscale without compromising the macroscale electrical conductivity.",

keywords = "Graphene, conductive atomic force microscopy, hierarchical patterning, polystyrene, texturing, wrinkles",

author = "Lee, {Won Kyu} and Junmo Kang and Chen, {Kan Sheng} and Engel, {Clifford J.} and Jung, {Woo Bin} and Dongjoon Rhee and Hersam, {Mark C.} and Odom, {Teri W.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF CMMI-1462633), the Office of Naval Research (ONR N00014-13-1-0172), and the Northwestern University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC, NSF DMR-1121262). This work made use of the Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB), which is supported by the State of Illinois and Northwestern University, and the Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center (NUANCE), which is supported by the NSF-MRSEC (NSF DMR-1121262). W.-K.L. gratefully acknowledges support from the Ryan Fellowship and the Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 American Chemical Society.",

year = "2016",

month = nov,

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doi = "10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03415",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "16",

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journal = "Nano Letters",

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AU - Chen, Kan Sheng

AU - Engel, Clifford J.

AU - Jung, Woo Bin

AU - Rhee, Dongjoon

AU - Hersam, Mark C.

AU - Odom, Teri W.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF CMMI-1462633), the Office of Naval Research (ONR N00014-13-1-0172), and the Northwestern University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC, NSF DMR-1121262). This work made use of the Northwestern University Micro/Nano Fabrication Facility (NUFAB), which is supported by the State of Illinois and Northwestern University, and the Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center (NUANCE), which is supported by the NSF-MRSEC (NSF DMR-1121262). W.-K.L. gratefully acknowledges support from the Ryan Fellowship and the Northwestern University International Institute for Nanotechnology. Publisher Copyright: © 2016 American Chemical Society.

PY - 2016/11/9

Y1 - 2016/11/9

N2 - This paper describes how delamination-free, hierarchical patterning of graphene can be achieved on prestrained thermoplastic sheets by surface wrinkling. Conformal contact between graphene and the substrate during strain relief was maintained by the presence of a soft skin layer, resulting in the uniform patterning of three-dimensional wrinkles over large areas (>cm2). The graphene wrinkle wavelength was tuned from the microscale to the nanoscale by controlling the thickness of the skin layer with 1 nm accuracy to realize a degree of control not possible by crumpling, which relies on delamination. Hierarchical patterning of the skin layers with varying thicknesses enabled multiscale graphene wrinkles with predetermined orientations to be formed. Significantly, hierarchical graphene wrinkles exhibited tunable mechanical stiffness at the nanoscale without compromising the macroscale electrical conductivity.

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Multiscale, Hierarchical Patterning of Graphene by Conformal Wrinkling

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