Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is affecting > 10 million people worldwide for which no suitable cure has been developed so far. Roughly, about two people per thousand populations are affected with PD like symptoms especially over the age of 50. About 1% of the populations above 60 years suffer from PD-like disease. The prevalence of the disease is increasing over the years, and future projections by 2020 could be 12–14 millions people affected by the disease. Thus, exploration of suitable therapeutic measures is the need of the hour to enhance quality of the life of PD patients. PD induced brain pathology includes loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia niagra that could later extends to other cortical regions causing loss of voluntary motor control. Deposition of α-synuclein in the brain further leads to neurodegeneration. However, the exact cause of PD is still unknown. It appears that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and leakage of serum component into the brain could lead to neurodegeneration in PD. Thus, novel treatment strategies that are able to restore BBB breakdown and enhance neuronal plasticity and neuroregeneration in PD could be effective in future therapy. With the advancement of nanotechnology, it is worthwhile to understand the role of nanodelivery of selected agents in PD to enhance neuroprotection. In this review new role of BBB, brain edema, and neuropathology in PD is discussed. In addition, superior neuroprotection induced by nanowired delivery of a multimodal drug cerebrolysin in PD is summarized based on our own investigations.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Nanoneuroprotection and Nanoneurotoxicology |
Editors | Aruna Sharma, Hari Shanker Sharma |
Publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
Pages | 201-246 |
Number of pages | 46 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780444642080 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2019 |
Publication series
Name | Progress in Brain Research |
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Volume | 245 |
ISSN (Print) | 0079-6123 |
ISSN (Electronic) | 1875-7855 |
Funding
Supported by grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (EOARD, London, United Kingdom), and Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant number FA8655-05-1-3065; supported by Grants from the Alzheimer's Association (IIRG-09-132087), the National Institutes of Health (R01 AG028679) and the Dr. Robert M. Kohrman Memorial Fund (M.A.S., R.J.C.); Swedish Medical Research Council (Nr 2710-HSS), Göran Gustafsson Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden (H.S.S.), Astra Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden (H.S.S./A.S.), The University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India (HSS/AS), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (H.S.S./A.S.), Indian Medical Research Council, New Delhi, India (H.S.S./A.S.) and India-EU Co-operation Program (RP/AS/HSS); Society for Neuroprotection and Neuroplasticity (SSNN), Romania; University of the Basque Country (PPG 17/51) and the Government of the Basque Country (IT-901/16) (J.V.L.). Technical and human support provided by Dr. Ricardo Andrade from SGIker (UPV/EHU) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Suraj Sharma, Uppsala, Sweden for computer and graphic support. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. Supported by grants from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (EOARD, London, United Kingdom), and Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant number FA8655-05-1-3065; supported by Grants from the Alzheimer's Association (IIRG-09-132087), the National Institutes of Health (R01 AG028679) and the Dr. Robert M. Kohrman Memorial Fund (M.A.S. R.J.C.); Swedish Medical Research Council (Nr 2710-HSS), G?ran Gustafsson Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden (H.S.S.), Astra Zeneca, M?lndal, Sweden (H.S.S./A.S.), The University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India (HSS/AS), Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India (H.S.S./A.S.), Indian Medical Research Council, New Delhi, India (H.S.S./A.S.) and India-EU Co-operation Program (RP/AS/HSS); Society for Neuroprotection and Neuroplasticity (SSNN), Romania; University of the Basque Country (PPG 17/51) and the Government of the Basque Country (IT-901/16) (J.V.L.). Technical and human support provided by Dr. Ricardo Andrade from SGIker (UPV/EHU) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Suraj Sharma, Uppsala, Sweden for computer and graphic support. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government.
Keywords
- Alpha-synuclein
- Blood-brain barrier
- Brain edema
- Cerebrolysin
- Nanowired delivery
- Parkinson's disease
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Neuroscience