TY - JOUR
T1 - Neighborhood deprivation, prefrontal morphology and neurocognition in late childhood to early adolescence
AU - Vargas, Teresa
AU - Damme, Katherine S.F.
AU - Mittal, Vijay A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study ( https://abcdstudy.org ), held in the NIMH Data Archive (NDA). This is a multisite, longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children age 9–10 and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health and additional federal partners under award numbers U01DA041022 , U01DA041028 , U01DA041048 , U01DA041089 , U01DA041106 , U01DA041117 , U01DA041120 , U01DA041134 , U01DA041148 , U01DA041156 , U01DA041174 , U24DA041123 , U24DA041147 , U01DA041093 , and U01DA041025 . A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html . A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/Consortium_Members.pdf . ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in analysis or writing of this report. This manuscript reflects the views of the authors and may not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators. The ABCD data repository grows and changes over time. The ABCD data used in this report came from [NIMH Data Archive Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.15154/1506121]. DOIs can be found at https://nda.nih.gov/general-query.html?q=query=studies%20%7Eand%7E%20orderBy=id%20%7Eand%7E%20orderDirection=Ascending . The research reported in this manuscript was also supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number F31MH119776 (T.V.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors
PY - 2020/10/15
Y1 - 2020/10/15
N2 - Background: Neighborhood deprivation adversely effects neurodevelopment and cognitive function; however, mechanisms remain unexplored. Neighborhood deprivation could be particularly impactful in late childhood/early adolescence, in neural regions with protracted developmental trajectories, e.g., prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study recruited 10,205 youth. Geocoded residential history was used to extract individual neighborhood characteristics. A general cognitive ability index and MRI scans were completed. Associations with neurocognition were examined. The relation of PFC surface area and cortical thickness to neighborhood deprivation was tested. PFC subregions and asymmetry, with putative differential environmental susceptibility during key developmental periods, were explored. Analyses tested PFC area as a possible mediating mechanism. Results: Neighborhood deprivation predicted neurocognitive performance (β = −0.11), even after accounting for parental education and household income (β = −0.07). Higher neighborhood deprivation related to greater overall PFC surface area (ηp2 = 0.003), and differences in leftward asymmetry were observed for area (ηp2 = 0.001), and thickness (ηp2 = 0.003). Subregion analyses highlighted differences among critical areas that are actively developing in late childhood/early adolescence and are essential to modulating high order cognitive function. These included orbitofrontal, superior frontal, rostral middle frontal, and frontal pole regions (Cohen's d = 0.03–0.09). PFC surface area partially mediated the relation between neighborhood deprivation and neurocognition. Discussion: Neighborhood deprivation related to cognitive function (a foundational skill tied to a range of lifetime outcomes) and PFC morphology, with evidence found for partial mediation of PFC on neurocognitive function. Results inform public health conceptualizations of development and environmental vulnerability.
AB - Background: Neighborhood deprivation adversely effects neurodevelopment and cognitive function; however, mechanisms remain unexplored. Neighborhood deprivation could be particularly impactful in late childhood/early adolescence, in neural regions with protracted developmental trajectories, e.g., prefrontal cortex (PFC). Methods: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study recruited 10,205 youth. Geocoded residential history was used to extract individual neighborhood characteristics. A general cognitive ability index and MRI scans were completed. Associations with neurocognition were examined. The relation of PFC surface area and cortical thickness to neighborhood deprivation was tested. PFC subregions and asymmetry, with putative differential environmental susceptibility during key developmental periods, were explored. Analyses tested PFC area as a possible mediating mechanism. Results: Neighborhood deprivation predicted neurocognitive performance (β = −0.11), even after accounting for parental education and household income (β = −0.07). Higher neighborhood deprivation related to greater overall PFC surface area (ηp2 = 0.003), and differences in leftward asymmetry were observed for area (ηp2 = 0.001), and thickness (ηp2 = 0.003). Subregion analyses highlighted differences among critical areas that are actively developing in late childhood/early adolescence and are essential to modulating high order cognitive function. These included orbitofrontal, superior frontal, rostral middle frontal, and frontal pole regions (Cohen's d = 0.03–0.09). PFC surface area partially mediated the relation between neighborhood deprivation and neurocognition. Discussion: Neighborhood deprivation related to cognitive function (a foundational skill tied to a range of lifetime outcomes) and PFC morphology, with evidence found for partial mediation of PFC on neurocognitive function. Results inform public health conceptualizations of development and environmental vulnerability.
KW - Cognition
KW - Environmental vulnerability
KW - Neighborhood deprivation
KW - Neurodevelopment
KW - Prefrontal cortex
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086912096&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85086912096&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117086
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117086
M3 - Article
C2 - 32593800
AN - SCOPUS:85086912096
SN - 1053-8119
VL - 220
JO - NeuroImage
JF - NeuroImage
M1 - 117086
ER -
