Abstract
To explore the neural networks used for Braille reading, we measured regional cerebral blood flow with PET during tactile tasks performed both by Braille readers blinded early in life and by sighted subjects. Eight proficient Braille readers were studied during Braille reading with both right and left index fingers. Eight-character, non-contracted Braille-letter strings were used, and subjects were asked to discriminate between words and non-words. To compare the behaviour of the brain of the blind and the sighted directly, non-Braille tactile tasks were performed by six different blind subjects and 10 sighted control subjects using the right index finger. The tasks included a non-discrimination task and three discrimination tasks (angle, width and character). Irrespective of reading finger (right or left), Braille reading by the blind activated the inferior parietal lobule, primary visual cortex, superior occipital gyri, fusiform gyri, ventral premotor area, superior parietal lobule, cerebellum and primary sensorimotor area bilaterally, also the right dorsal premotor cortex, right middle occipital gyrus and right prefrontal area. During non-Braille discrimination tasks, in blind subjects, the ventral occipital regions, including the primary visual cortex and fusiform gyri bilaterally were activated while the secondary somatosensory area was deactivated. The reverse pattern was found in sighted subjects where the secondary somatosensory area was activated while the ventral occipital regions were suppressed. These findings suggest that the tactile processing pathways usually linked in the secondary somatosensory area are rerouted in blind subjects to the ventral occipital cortical regions originally reserved for visual shape discrimination.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1213-1229 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Brain |
| Volume | 121 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 27 1998 |
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Keywords
- Blind
- Braille
- Multimodal plasticity
- PET
- Visual cortex
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
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Neural networks for Braille reading by the blind. / Sadato, Norihiro; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro; Grafman, Jordan; Deiber, Marie Pierre; Ibañez, Vicente; Hallett, Mark.
In: Brain, Vol. 121, No. 7, 27.07.1998, p. 1213-1229.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Neural networks for Braille reading by the blind
AU - Sadato, Norihiro
AU - Pascual-Leone, Alvaro
AU - Grafman, Jordan
AU - Deiber, Marie Pierre
AU - Ibañez, Vicente
AU - Hallett, Mark
PY - 1998/7/27
Y1 - 1998/7/27
N2 - To explore the neural networks used for Braille reading, we measured regional cerebral blood flow with PET during tactile tasks performed both by Braille readers blinded early in life and by sighted subjects. Eight proficient Braille readers were studied during Braille reading with both right and left index fingers. Eight-character, non-contracted Braille-letter strings were used, and subjects were asked to discriminate between words and non-words. To compare the behaviour of the brain of the blind and the sighted directly, non-Braille tactile tasks were performed by six different blind subjects and 10 sighted control subjects using the right index finger. The tasks included a non-discrimination task and three discrimination tasks (angle, width and character). Irrespective of reading finger (right or left), Braille reading by the blind activated the inferior parietal lobule, primary visual cortex, superior occipital gyri, fusiform gyri, ventral premotor area, superior parietal lobule, cerebellum and primary sensorimotor area bilaterally, also the right dorsal premotor cortex, right middle occipital gyrus and right prefrontal area. During non-Braille discrimination tasks, in blind subjects, the ventral occipital regions, including the primary visual cortex and fusiform gyri bilaterally were activated while the secondary somatosensory area was deactivated. The reverse pattern was found in sighted subjects where the secondary somatosensory area was activated while the ventral occipital regions were suppressed. These findings suggest that the tactile processing pathways usually linked in the secondary somatosensory area are rerouted in blind subjects to the ventral occipital cortical regions originally reserved for visual shape discrimination.
AB - To explore the neural networks used for Braille reading, we measured regional cerebral blood flow with PET during tactile tasks performed both by Braille readers blinded early in life and by sighted subjects. Eight proficient Braille readers were studied during Braille reading with both right and left index fingers. Eight-character, non-contracted Braille-letter strings were used, and subjects were asked to discriminate between words and non-words. To compare the behaviour of the brain of the blind and the sighted directly, non-Braille tactile tasks were performed by six different blind subjects and 10 sighted control subjects using the right index finger. The tasks included a non-discrimination task and three discrimination tasks (angle, width and character). Irrespective of reading finger (right or left), Braille reading by the blind activated the inferior parietal lobule, primary visual cortex, superior occipital gyri, fusiform gyri, ventral premotor area, superior parietal lobule, cerebellum and primary sensorimotor area bilaterally, also the right dorsal premotor cortex, right middle occipital gyrus and right prefrontal area. During non-Braille discrimination tasks, in blind subjects, the ventral occipital regions, including the primary visual cortex and fusiform gyri bilaterally were activated while the secondary somatosensory area was deactivated. The reverse pattern was found in sighted subjects where the secondary somatosensory area was activated while the ventral occipital regions were suppressed. These findings suggest that the tactile processing pathways usually linked in the secondary somatosensory area are rerouted in blind subjects to the ventral occipital cortical regions originally reserved for visual shape discrimination.
KW - Blind
KW - Braille
KW - Multimodal plasticity
KW - PET
KW - Visual cortex
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031817011&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0031817011&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/brain/121.7.1213
DO - 10.1093/brain/121.7.1213
M3 - Article
C2 - 9679774
AN - SCOPUS:0031817011
VL - 121
SP - 1213
EP - 1229
JO - Brain
JF - Brain
SN - 0006-8950
IS - 7
ER -