Neurologic complications of endocarditis

Infective and noninfective endocarditis are rare diseases that have strong predispositions for neurologic complications. Although cerebral embolism is the principal mechanism of neurologic injury in both diseases, they differ greatly in the types of clinical presentation, cardiac valvular and cerebral infarct characteristics, and medical and surgical treatment approaches. Therefore, the evaluation of patients with endocarditis warrants an understanding and appreciation for neurologic symptoms and signs, known risk factors, available neurodiagnostic tools, and potential treatment options. It is hoped that rapid recognition and appropriate early management may help reduce the significant neurologic morbidity and mortality associated with endocarditis.