TY - JOUR
T1 - Newborn Adiposity and Cord Blood C-Peptide as Mediators of the Maternal Metabolic Environment and Childhood Adiposity
AU - on behalf of the HAPO Follow-up Study Cooperative Research Group
AU - Josefson, Jami L.
AU - Scholtens, Denise M.
AU - Kuang, Alan
AU - Catalano, Patrick M.
AU - Lowe, Lynn P.
AU - Dyer, Alan R.
AU - Petito, Lucia C.
AU - Lowe, William L.
AU - Metzger, Boyd E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - OBJECTIVE Excessive childhood adiposity is a risk factor for adverse metabolic health. The objective was to investigate associations of newborn body composition and cord Cpeptide with childhood anthropometrics and explore whether these newborn measures mediate associations of maternal midpregnancy glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on mother/offspring pairs (N 5 4,832) from the epidemiological Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and HAPO Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS) were analyzed. Linear regression was used to study associations between newborn and childhood anthropometrics. Structural equation modeling was used to explore newborn anthropometric measures as potential mediators of the associations of maternal BMI and glucose during pregnancy with childhood anthropometric outcomes. RESULTS In models including maternal glucose and BMI adjustments, newborn adiposity as measured by the sum of skinfolds was associated with child outcomes (adjusted mean difference, 95% CI, P value) BMI (0.26, 0.12–0.39, <0.001), BMI z-score (0.072, 0.033–0.11, <0.001), fat mass (kg) (0.51, 0.26–0.76, <0.001), percentage of body fat (0.61, 0.27–0.95, <0.001), and sum of skinfolds (mm) (1.14, 0.43–1.86, 0.0017). Structural equation models demonstrated significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal BMI effects on childhood BMI (proportion of total effect 2.5% and 1%, respectively), fat mass (3.1%, 1.2%), percentage of body fat (3.6%, 1.8%), and sum of skinfolds (2.9%, 1.8%), and significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal glucose effects on child fat mass (proportion of total association 22.0% and 21.0%, respectively), percentage of body fat (15.0%, 18.0%), and sum of skinfolds (15.0%, 20.0%). CONCLUSIONS Newborn adiposity is independently associated with childhood adiposity and, along with fetal hyperinsulinemia, mediates, in part, associations of maternal glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity.
AB - OBJECTIVE Excessive childhood adiposity is a risk factor for adverse metabolic health. The objective was to investigate associations of newborn body composition and cord Cpeptide with childhood anthropometrics and explore whether these newborn measures mediate associations of maternal midpregnancy glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on mother/offspring pairs (N 5 4,832) from the epidemiological Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and HAPO Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS) were analyzed. Linear regression was used to study associations between newborn and childhood anthropometrics. Structural equation modeling was used to explore newborn anthropometric measures as potential mediators of the associations of maternal BMI and glucose during pregnancy with childhood anthropometric outcomes. RESULTS In models including maternal glucose and BMI adjustments, newborn adiposity as measured by the sum of skinfolds was associated with child outcomes (adjusted mean difference, 95% CI, P value) BMI (0.26, 0.12–0.39, <0.001), BMI z-score (0.072, 0.033–0.11, <0.001), fat mass (kg) (0.51, 0.26–0.76, <0.001), percentage of body fat (0.61, 0.27–0.95, <0.001), and sum of skinfolds (mm) (1.14, 0.43–1.86, 0.0017). Structural equation models demonstrated significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal BMI effects on childhood BMI (proportion of total effect 2.5% and 1%, respectively), fat mass (3.1%, 1.2%), percentage of body fat (3.6%, 1.8%), and sum of skinfolds (2.9%, 1.8%), and significant mediation by newborn sum of skinfolds and cord C-peptide of maternal glucose effects on child fat mass (proportion of total association 22.0% and 21.0%, respectively), percentage of body fat (15.0%, 18.0%), and sum of skinfolds (15.0%, 20.0%). CONCLUSIONS Newborn adiposity is independently associated with childhood adiposity and, along with fetal hyperinsulinemia, mediates, in part, associations of maternal glucose and BMI with childhood adiposity.
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U2 - 10.2337/DC20-2398
DO - 10.2337/DC20-2398
M3 - Article
C2 - 33619125
AN - SCOPUS:85106540791
SN - 0149-5992
VL - 44
SP - 1194
EP - 1202
JO - Diabetes care
JF - Diabetes care
IS - 5
ER -