TY - JOUR
T1 - Nicotinamide riboside—A missing piece in the puzzle of exercise therapy for older adults?
AU - Custodero, Carlo
AU - Saini, Sunil K.
AU - Shin, Myung J.
AU - Jeon, Yun K.
AU - Christou, Demetra D.
AU - McDermott, Mary M.
AU - Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan
AU - Anton, Stephen D.
AU - Mankowski, Robert T.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging grants AG028740 , AG064282 (RTM, SDA, and CL) and AG063143 (DDC) and AHA Career Development Award 18CDA34080001 (RTM). The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; or the writing of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2020/8
Y1 - 2020/8
N2 - Maintaining physical mobility is important for preventing age-related comorbidities in older adults. Endurance and resistance training prevent mobility loss in aging, but exercise alone does not always achieve the expected improvements in physical and cardiopulmonary function. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that a reason for the variability in exercise training responses may be the age-related dysregulation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolome. NAD+ is an essential enzymatic cofactor in energetic and signaling pathways. Endogenous NAD+ pool is lower in several chronic and degenerative diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, muscular dystrophies), and also in aging. Exercise requires a higher energy expenditure than a resting state, thus a state of NAD+ insufficiency with reduced energy metabolism, could result in an inadequate exercise response. Recently, the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR), a vitamin B3 derivate, showed an ability to improve NAD+ metabolome homeostasis, restoring energy metabolism and cellular function in various organs in animals. NR has also been tested in older humans and is considered safe, but the effects of NR supplementation alone on physical performance are unclear. The purpose of this review is to examine the preclinical and clinical evidence on the effect of NR supplementation strategies alone and in combination with physical activity on mobility and skeletal muscle and cardiovascular function.
AB - Maintaining physical mobility is important for preventing age-related comorbidities in older adults. Endurance and resistance training prevent mobility loss in aging, but exercise alone does not always achieve the expected improvements in physical and cardiopulmonary function. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that a reason for the variability in exercise training responses may be the age-related dysregulation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolome. NAD+ is an essential enzymatic cofactor in energetic and signaling pathways. Endogenous NAD+ pool is lower in several chronic and degenerative diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, muscular dystrophies), and also in aging. Exercise requires a higher energy expenditure than a resting state, thus a state of NAD+ insufficiency with reduced energy metabolism, could result in an inadequate exercise response. Recently, the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR), a vitamin B3 derivate, showed an ability to improve NAD+ metabolome homeostasis, restoring energy metabolism and cellular function in various organs in animals. NR has also been tested in older humans and is considered safe, but the effects of NR supplementation alone on physical performance are unclear. The purpose of this review is to examine the preclinical and clinical evidence on the effect of NR supplementation strategies alone and in combination with physical activity on mobility and skeletal muscle and cardiovascular function.
KW - Cardiovascular function
KW - Exercise training
KW - NAD+ metabolome
KW - Nicotinamide riboside
KW - Older adults
KW - Skeletal muscle
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U2 - 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110972
DO - 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110972
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32450270
AN - SCOPUS:85085332107
VL - 137
JO - Experimental Gerontology
JF - Experimental Gerontology
SN - 0531-5565
M1 - 110972
ER -