Normative values of agonist-antagonist shoulder strength ratios of adults aged 20 to 78 years

Richard E. Hughes; Marjorie E. Johnson; Shawn W. O'Driscoll; Kai Nan An

doi:10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90037-0

Normative values of agonist-antagonist shoulder strength ratios of adults aged 20 to 78 years

Richard E. Hughes, Marjorie E. Johnson, Shawn W. O'Driscoll, Kai Nan An^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

39 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To determine normative values for isometric flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation strength ratios about the shoulder and to determine if these ratios are affected by age or gender. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 120 healthy volunteers (60 men, 60 women) aged 20 to 78 years. Setting: Orthopedic research laboratory. Methods: Flexion and extension strengths were measured isometrically using a Cybex II dynamometer at arm flexion angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Abduction and adduction strengths were measured at 30°, 60°, and 90°abduction. Internal and external rotation strengths were measured (1) with the arm abducted 15°and neutral external/internal rotation and (2) with the arm abducted 90°and externally rotated 30°above the transverse plane. Outcome Measures: Isometric strength ratios for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation. Results: No statistically significant differences in agonist/antagonist strength ratios were found between dominant and nondominant sides or between genders. Age was associated with changes in strength ratios for measurements taken with the arm flexed or abducted 90°. Posture was found to affect strength ratios. Conclusions: These data can serve as a normative reference for clinical use.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1324-1326
Number of pages	3
Journal	Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation
Volume	80
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90037-0
State	Published - Oct 1999

Funding

From the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN. Submitted for publication December 2, 1998. Accepted in revised form March 25, 1999. Supported by grantsAR41171 and HD07447 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated. Reprint requests to Kai-Nan An, PhD, Orthopedic Biomechanics Lab, 128 Guggenheim, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. 0 1999 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 0003-9993/99/8010-5314$3.00/O

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Rehabilitation
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90037-0

Cite this

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title = "Normative values of agonist-antagonist shoulder strength ratios of adults aged 20 to 78 years",

abstract = "Objective: To determine normative values for isometric flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation strength ratios about the shoulder and to determine if these ratios are affected by age or gender. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 120 healthy volunteers (60 men, 60 women) aged 20 to 78 years. Setting: Orthopedic research laboratory. Methods: Flexion and extension strengths were measured isometrically using a Cybex II dynamometer at arm flexion angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Abduction and adduction strengths were measured at 30°, 60°, and 90°abduction. Internal and external rotation strengths were measured (1) with the arm abducted 15°and neutral external/internal rotation and (2) with the arm abducted 90°and externally rotated 30°above the transverse plane. Outcome Measures: Isometric strength ratios for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation. Results: No statistically significant differences in agonist/antagonist strength ratios were found between dominant and nondominant sides or between genders. Age was associated with changes in strength ratios for measurements taken with the arm flexed or abducted 90°. Posture was found to affect strength ratios. Conclusions: These data can serve as a normative reference for clinical use.",

author = "Hughes, {Richard E.} and Johnson, {Marjorie E.} and O'Driscoll, {Shawn W.} and An, {Kai Nan}",

note = "Funding Information: From the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN. Submitted for publication December 2, 1998. Accepted in revised form March 25, 1999. Supported by grantsAR41171 and HD07447 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated. Reprint requests to Kai-Nan An, PhD, Orthopedic Biomechanics Lab, 128 Guggenheim, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. 0 1999 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 0003-9993/99/8010-5314$3.00/O",

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T1 - Normative values of agonist-antagonist shoulder strength ratios of adults aged 20 to 78 years

AU - Hughes, Richard E.

AU - Johnson, Marjorie E.

AU - O'Driscoll, Shawn W.

AU - An, Kai Nan

N1 - Funding Information: From the Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation Rochester, MN. Submitted for publication December 2, 1998. Accepted in revised form March 25, 1999. Supported by grantsAR41171 and HD07447 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the authors or upon any organization with which the authors are associated. Reprint requests to Kai-Nan An, PhD, Orthopedic Biomechanics Lab, 128 Guggenheim, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. 0 1999 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 0003-9993/99/8010-5314$3.00/O

PY - 1999/10

Y1 - 1999/10

N2 - Objective: To determine normative values for isometric flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation strength ratios about the shoulder and to determine if these ratios are affected by age or gender. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 120 healthy volunteers (60 men, 60 women) aged 20 to 78 years. Setting: Orthopedic research laboratory. Methods: Flexion and extension strengths were measured isometrically using a Cybex II dynamometer at arm flexion angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Abduction and adduction strengths were measured at 30°, 60°, and 90°abduction. Internal and external rotation strengths were measured (1) with the arm abducted 15°and neutral external/internal rotation and (2) with the arm abducted 90°and externally rotated 30°above the transverse plane. Outcome Measures: Isometric strength ratios for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation. Results: No statistically significant differences in agonist/antagonist strength ratios were found between dominant and nondominant sides or between genders. Age was associated with changes in strength ratios for measurements taken with the arm flexed or abducted 90°. Posture was found to affect strength ratios. Conclusions: These data can serve as a normative reference for clinical use.

AB - Objective: To determine normative values for isometric flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation strength ratios about the shoulder and to determine if these ratios are affected by age or gender. Study Design: A cross-sectional study of 120 healthy volunteers (60 men, 60 women) aged 20 to 78 years. Setting: Orthopedic research laboratory. Methods: Flexion and extension strengths were measured isometrically using a Cybex II dynamometer at arm flexion angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Abduction and adduction strengths were measured at 30°, 60°, and 90°abduction. Internal and external rotation strengths were measured (1) with the arm abducted 15°and neutral external/internal rotation and (2) with the arm abducted 90°and externally rotated 30°above the transverse plane. Outcome Measures: Isometric strength ratios for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and external/internal rotation. Results: No statistically significant differences in agonist/antagonist strength ratios were found between dominant and nondominant sides or between genders. Age was associated with changes in strength ratios for measurements taken with the arm flexed or abducted 90°. Posture was found to affect strength ratios. Conclusions: These data can serve as a normative reference for clinical use.

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IS - 10

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Normative values of agonist-antagonist shoulder strength ratios of adults aged 20 to 78 years

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