Observations of cold antihydrogen

J. N. Tan; N. S. Bowden; G. Gabrielse; P. Oxley; A. Speck; C. H. Storry; M. Wessels; D. Grzonka; W. Oelert; G. Schepers; T. Sefzick; J. Walz; H. Pittner; T. W. Hänsch; E. A. Hessels

doi:10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4

Observations of cold antihydrogen

J. N. Tan, N. S. Bowden, G. Gabrielse^*, P. Oxley, A. Speck, C. H. Storry, M. Wessels, D. Grzonka, W. Oelert, G. Schepers, T. Sefzick, J. Walz, H. Pittner, T. W. Hänsch, E. A. Hessels

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

ATRAP's e⁺ cooling of p in a nested Penning trap has led to reports of cold H produced during such cooling by the ATHENA and ATRAP collaborations. To observe H, ATHENA uses coincident annihilation detection and ATRAP uses field ionization followed by p storage. Advantages of ATRAP's field ionization method include the complete absence of any background events, and the first way to measure which H states are produced. ATRAP enhances the H production rate by driving many cycles of e⁺ cooling in the nested trap, with more H counted in an hour than the sum of all the other antimatter atoms ever reported. The number of H counted per incident high energy p is also higher than ever observed. The first measured distribution of H states is made using a pre-ionizing electric field between separated production and detection regions. The high rate and the high Rydberg states suggest that the H is formed via three-body recombination, as expected.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	22-30
Number of pages	9
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Volume	214
Issue number	SUPPL.
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4
State	Published - Jan 2004
Event	Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP'03) - Jamashita-park, Japan Duration: Mar 3 2003 → Mar 7 2003

Funding

Thanks to CERN, its PS Division and the AD team for delivering 5.3 MeV antiprotons. ATRAP is supported by the NSF, AFOSR, the ONR of the US, the BMBF, MPG and FZ-J of Germany, and the NSERC, CRC and PREA of Canada.

Keywords

Antihydrogen
Field ionization
Nested Penning trap
Positron cooling
Recombination in cold plasma
Rydberg atom

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4

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Tan, J. N., Bowden, N. S., Gabrielse, G., Oxley, P., Speck, A., Storry, C. H., Wessels, M., Grzonka, D., Oelert, W., Schepers, G., Sefzick, T., Walz, J., Pittner, H., Hänsch, T. W., & Hessels, E. A. (2004). Observations of cold antihydrogen. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 214(SUPPL.), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4

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title = "Observations of cold antihydrogen",

abstract = "ATRAP's e+ cooling of p in a nested Penning trap has led to reports of cold H produced during such cooling by the ATHENA and ATRAP collaborations. To observe H, ATHENA uses coincident annihilation detection and ATRAP uses field ionization followed by p storage. Advantages of ATRAP's field ionization method include the complete absence of any background events, and the first way to measure which H states are produced. ATRAP enhances the H production rate by driving many cycles of e+ cooling in the nested trap, with more H counted in an hour than the sum of all the other antimatter atoms ever reported. The number of H counted per incident high energy p is also higher than ever observed. The first measured distribution of H states is made using a pre-ionizing electric field between separated production and detection regions. The high rate and the high Rydberg states suggest that the H is formed via three-body recombination, as expected.",

keywords = "Antihydrogen, Field ionization, Nested Penning trap, Positron cooling, Recombination in cold plasma, Rydberg atom",

author = "Tan, \{J. N.\} and Bowden, \{N. S.\} and G. Gabrielse and P. Oxley and A. Speck and Storry, \{C. H.\} and M. Wessels and D. Grzonka and W. Oelert and G. Schepers and T. Sefzick and J. Walz and H. Pittner and H{\"a}nsch, \{T. W.\} and Hessels, \{E. A.\}",

note = "Funding Information: Thanks to CERN, its PS Division and the AD team for delivering 5.3 MeV antiprotons. ATRAP is supported by the NSF, AFOSR, the ONR of the US, the BMBF, MPG and FZ-J of Germany, and the NSERC, CRC and PREA of Canada.; Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP'03) ; Conference date: 03-03-2003 Through 07-03-2003",

year = "2004",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "214",

pages = "22--30",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms",

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Tan, JN, Bowden, NS, Gabrielse, G, Oxley, P, Speck, A, Storry, CH, Wessels, M, Grzonka, D, Oelert, W, Schepers, G, Sefzick, T, Walz, J, Pittner, H, Hänsch, TW & Hessels, EA 2004, 'Observations of cold antihydrogen', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 214, no. SUPPL., pp. 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4

TY - JOUR

T1 - Observations of cold antihydrogen

AU - Tan, J. N.

AU - Bowden, N. S.

AU - Gabrielse, G.

AU - Oxley, P.

AU - Speck, A.

AU - Storry, C. H.

AU - Wessels, M.

AU - Grzonka, D.

AU - Oelert, W.

AU - Schepers, G.

AU - Sefzick, T.

AU - Walz, J.

AU - Pittner, H.

AU - Hänsch, T. W.

AU - Hessels, E. A.

N1 - Funding Information: Thanks to CERN, its PS Division and the AD team for delivering 5.3 MeV antiprotons. ATRAP is supported by the NSF, AFOSR, the ONR of the US, the BMBF, MPG and FZ-J of Germany, and the NSERC, CRC and PREA of Canada.

PY - 2004/1

Y1 - 2004/1

N2 - ATRAP's e+ cooling of p in a nested Penning trap has led to reports of cold H produced during such cooling by the ATHENA and ATRAP collaborations. To observe H, ATHENA uses coincident annihilation detection and ATRAP uses field ionization followed by p storage. Advantages of ATRAP's field ionization method include the complete absence of any background events, and the first way to measure which H states are produced. ATRAP enhances the H production rate by driving many cycles of e+ cooling in the nested trap, with more H counted in an hour than the sum of all the other antimatter atoms ever reported. The number of H counted per incident high energy p is also higher than ever observed. The first measured distribution of H states is made using a pre-ionizing electric field between separated production and detection regions. The high rate and the high Rydberg states suggest that the H is formed via three-body recombination, as expected.

AB - ATRAP's e+ cooling of p in a nested Penning trap has led to reports of cold H produced during such cooling by the ATHENA and ATRAP collaborations. To observe H, ATHENA uses coincident annihilation detection and ATRAP uses field ionization followed by p storage. Advantages of ATRAP's field ionization method include the complete absence of any background events, and the first way to measure which H states are produced. ATRAP enhances the H production rate by driving many cycles of e+ cooling in the nested trap, with more H counted in an hour than the sum of all the other antimatter atoms ever reported. The number of H counted per incident high energy p is also higher than ever observed. The first measured distribution of H states is made using a pre-ionizing electric field between separated production and detection regions. The high rate and the high Rydberg states suggest that the H is formed via three-body recombination, as expected.

KW - Antihydrogen

KW - Field ionization

KW - Nested Penning trap

KW - Positron cooling

KW - Recombination in cold plasma

KW - Rydberg atom

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U2 - 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4

DO - 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01777-4

M3 - Conference article

AN - SCOPUS:17544393595

SN - 0168-583X

VL - 214

SP - 22

EP - 30

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

IS - SUPPL.

T2 - Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP'03)

Y2 - 3 March 2003 through 7 March 2003

ER -

Observations of cold antihydrogen

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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